intelectual disabilities Flashcards
adult investigation for intellectual disability?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Children investigation for Intellectual disability?
Depending on age:
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
what is diagnosis of intellectual disability based on
clinical findings
what IQ do people with deficits in intellectual functioning have?
<70
Flynn effect
Average rate of increase seems to be 3 IQ points per decade, as scaled by Wechsler test
about 10 points per generation
also increases in attention and of semantic and episodic memory
causes of flynn effect
- better schooling
- IQ test familiarity
even more…
Flynn affect is slowing down though
o’brien principles
- learning diables people will continue to grow and develop given the appropriate environment
- learning disabled people are worthy of all the dignity and rights of any citizen
- concept of learning through risk taking and the avoidance of over protection
-The availability of everyday, normal conditions of life
-The availability of generic environments and services
IQ for borderline ID
IQ 70-84
mental age 12 to under 15
presentation of ID
moderate LD presentation
severe LD presentation
what is intelectual disability?
A condition of arrest or incomplete developmenet of the mind, which is especially characterised by impairement of skills, manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence i.e. cognitive, motor and social abilities
how much more likely are people with ID to experience another psychiatric disorder than the general population?
People with ID are 3 x more likely to experience another psychiatric disorder than the general population
what is the most common type of ID?
mild ID
what IQ do people with mild ID have ?
50- 69
mental age of people with mild ID?
mental age 9 to under 12 years
how is the speech of someone with mild ID?
delayed speech
-able to use everyday speech
how independant are people with mild ID?
-full independane for self care, practical and domestic skills
-difficulties in reading and writing
-capable of unskilled or semi skilled work
-problems if social or emotional immaturity
True/False Mild ID is usually due to organic aetiology?
False
Mild ID is rarely due to organic aetiology (disease in which there is a structural alteration)
IQ of moderate ID?
35- 49
mental age of moderate ID?
mental age 6 to under 9 years
language and comprehension of someone with moderate ID?
slow with comprehension and language
presentation of someone with moderate ID?
-Slow with comprehension and language
-Limited achievements
-Delayed self care and motor skills
-Can perform simple practical tasks (often with supervision)
-Usually fully mobile and physically active
-
True/False Most moderate ID have organic aetiology?
True- majority of moderate ID (IQ 35-49) have organic aetiology
what disabilities are common in moderate intellectual disability (IQ 35- 49)?
-epilepsy
-physical disability
IQ of severe ID?
20-34
mental age of severe ID?
mental age 3 to under 6 years
how does the presentation of severe ID compare to that of moderate ID?
Generally more marked impairment than in moderate ID and achievements are more restricted
what disease is often associated with severe ID (IQ 20-34)?
Epilepsy
IQ of someone with profound ID?
IQ < 20
Mental age of someone with profound ID?
Mental age <3 years
Presentation of someone with profoundID?
-severe limitation in ability to understand or comply with requests or instructions
-little or no self care
-often severe mobile restriction
-basic or simple tasks may be acquired
management of ID?
Psychological treatment:
-behavioural (e.g. teach/improve basic skills, relaxation techniques)
-CBT
-Psychodynamic therapy (relationships)
Pharmacological treatments:
-comorbid physical disorders (epilepsy)
Other supportive measures:
Therapeutic environment (general + specific support)
Psychoeducation (patient and carers)
Social (unmet needs, support network)
Communication (hearing aids, glasses, Pictorial, Makaton)
