Personality Patterns are reflected in how a person: copes with ? views ___ and ___ finds meaning in____ responses to ___

Copes with feelings and impulses Self and others Meaning in relationships Responses to surroundings.

Personality Disorders Flashcards by Itai Adi

Egodystonic:
*Problems in living are perceived, to an extent, as _____
*Patterns of behavior are perceived as _____, unnatural or foreign to the self.
Associated with ______ to change behavior.

Internal
Uncomfortable
Willingness

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Egosyntonic: Problems in living are attributed to _____ causes.
Patterns of behavior are perceived as _____, _____and a part of self.
Associated with _____ to change behavior

External
Comfortable and natural
Unwillingness

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Personality Patterns are reflected in how a person:

copes with ?
views ___ and ___
finds meaning in____
responses to ___

Copes with feelings and impulses
Self and others
Meaning in relationships
Responses to surroundings.

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People with personality disorders Tend to see the cause of their dysfunction or distress as ____ _____,
Therefore?

external egosyntonic

* Rarely seek treatment

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Symptoms of Personality disorder become less obvious when?

*middle or old age

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3 clusters and how they are classified?

*Weird, Wild, Worried
Cluster A disorders: odd and eccentric
Cluster B disorders: dramatic and erratic
Cluster C disorders: anxious and fearful

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Perfectionism, rigidity, controlling behavior, and extreme orderliness characterize people with what personality disorder?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

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________ characterized as being expressively impassive and interpersonally unengaged. They tend to be unable to experience the joyful and pleasurable aspects of life. They are introverted and reclusive and clinically appear distant, aloof, apathetic, and emotionally detached.

*Schizoid personality disorder

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pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation. In addition, they need so much approval from others that they have tremendous difficulty making independent decisions or starting projects.

*Dependent personality disorder

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pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. History may reveal repeated incidents of physical fights or assaults demonstrating irritability and aggressiveness, repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations, lack of remorse for actions, conning others for personal profit or pleasure, and impulsivity or failing to plan ahead

*Antisocial personality disorder

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Characteristics of personality disordres manifest in what 4 ways?

ABCS*
Affect - emotional
Behavioral - Impulse control and day to day patterns
Cognitive - Interpretation of self and others
Sociocultural - functioning in relationships

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Limbic system deregulation, is said to do what in people with personality disorders?

Decrease impulse control

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Decreased _______ tendency towards self-mutilation, rage, aggression

Serotonin (5-HT)

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Elevated________hypersensitivity to environment

Norepinephrine (NE)

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Abnormal levels of ______ psychotic episodes

Dopamine

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Intrapersonal theory of personality disorders
• Hostility towards ______ is _________
resulting in fear, mistrust, and withdrawal to avoid being hurt.
•_______standards imposed by parents during childhood
• Underdeveloped superego failure to internalize ____ _____ _____
• ______ manifesting as personality disorder
• Unsatisfied basic needs, inadequate parenting leads to hostility towards caregivers and what 3 fears?
*Acting out of ______including
self-destructive behavior to manage feelings of guilt.

Hostility towards self is projected onto others
Perfectionist standards
internalize authority, morals, guilt. (conscience)
Anxiety
Fear of abandonment, intimacy, and own anger
Acts out of rage with self-destrutive behaviors

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Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness, interprets other people’s motives as malevolent. What is this? What classification? When does it begin?

Paranoid personality disorder
Cluster A - odd, eccentric, weird
Early adulthood

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aspects of paranoid personality disorder? MNEMONIC: SUSPECT

Spouse?
Holds what?
Main trait
Perception followed by reaction
Questions if someone is?
Fears what in other people?
Benign events are what?

*SUSPECT
S- spousal infidelity suspected
U- unforgiving (holds grudges)
S-Suspicious
P- perceives attacks (reacts quick/angry)
E- Enemy/friend?  
C- Confiding in others feared
T- threats perceived in benign events

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pattern of detachment from social relationships, restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal relationships. What is this? What classification? When does it begin?

Schizoid personality disorder
Cluster A - odd, eccentric, weird
Early adulthood

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aspects of Schizoid personality disorder? MNEMONIC: DISTANT

Affect?
feelings on criticism/praise
Intimacy
Tasks?
Absence of?
Close relationships?
Activities

*DISTANT
D-detached/flattened affect
I-indifferent to criticism/praise 
S-Sexual experiences of little interest
T- tasks done alone
A-Absence of close friends
N-No desire or enjoyment in close relationships
T-Takes pleasure in few activities

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pattern of social and interpersonal deficits (acute discomfort and reduced capacity for close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior). What is this? Classification? When does it begin? How many s/s are needed to diagnose?

Schizotypal personality disorder
Cluster A - odd, eccentric, weird
Early adulthood
5

aspects of Schizotypal personality disorder? MNEMONIC: ME PECULIAR

What kind of thinking?
Perceptions?
Ideation?
Behavior or appearance?
Affect?
Speech?
Close friends?
Interprets something as being directly relation to them
Social situations?
What needs to be ruled out?

*ME PECULIAR
Magical thinking
Experiences unusual perceptions (body)
Paranoid ideation
Eccentric behavior or appearance
Constricted or inappropriate affect
Unusual thinking or speech
Lacks close friends
Ideas of reference (excludes delusions)
Anxiety in social situations
Rule out psychotic or pervasive
developmental disorders

What 3 personality disorders are in cluster A?

*Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

Associated brain dysfunction occurs in the_____ and ______ and increases the behaviors of impulsiveness, parasuicide, and mood disorders.

Limbic system

* Frontal lobe

Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. What is this? Classification? When does it begin?

* Antisocial Personality Disorder * Cluster B - Dramatic and emotional * Evidence in conduct disorder before age 15, in a client at least 18 years of age.

Aspects of Antisocial personality disorder? Mnemonic: CORRUPT 1. Conform? 2. Ignores what? 3. Safety? 4. Empathy? 5. Underhanded? 6. Plans? 7. Reactions?

``` CORRUPT Cannot conform to law Obligations ignored (employment) Reckless disregard for safety Remorseless Underhanded (deceitful and manipulative) Planning insufficient (impulsive) Temper (irritable and aggressive) ```

pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, impulse control

Borderline personality disorder

Aspects of Borderline personality disorder? Mnemonic: IMPULSIVE 1. Self-damaging behavior because? 2. Mood? 3. stress causes what? 4. Self image? 5. Relationships? 6. Gestures/safety 7. Inappropriate what? 8. Vulnerability to what? 9. Feelings of ___ and ____

``` IMPULSIVE Impulsive/Manipulative Moodiness/highly changeable Paranoia or dissociation under stress Unstable self-image Labile intense relationships Suicidal gestures/self mutilating Inappropriate anger Vulnerability to abandonment Emptiness (feelings of)/boredom ```

What type of thinking to people with borderline personality possess? Term for how they view others as good or bad? What do they have difficulty with?

* Dichotomous thinking (black or white, no in between) * Splitting * Problem solving

pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Aspects of Histrionic personality disorder? Mnemonic: PRAISE ME 1. Behavior? 2. views on relationships? 3. Uncomfortable if not what? 4. easily ____? 5. Verbally? 6. Emotions? 7. Appearance? 8. exaggerated?

``` PRAISE ME9 Provocative or seductive behavior Relationships considered more intimate than they are Attention (need to be the center of) Influenced easily Speech (Loud verbally) Emotions (rapidly shifting, shallow, Labile) Make up (physical appearance used to draw attention to self) Emotions exaggerated ```

pattern of grandiosity, needs for admiration, lacks empathy

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Aspects of Narcissistic personality disorder? Mnemonic: GRANDIOSE 1. over the top 2. Requires? 3. A_____ 4. Needs to feel ? 5. Dreams of? 6. Interpersonally? 7. Empathy? 8. Sense of? 9. Feelings on others?

``` GRANDIOSE Grandiose Requires attention Arrogant Need to be special Dreams of success and power Interpersonally exploitative Others (unable to recognize feelings/needs of) Lack of empathy Sense of entitlement Envious ```

What 4 personality disorders are in cluster B?

* Antisocial * Borderline * Histrionic * Narcissistic

pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to criticism. What is this? What category is this in?

* Avoidant personality disorder | * Cluster C anxious and fearful

Aspects of Avoidant personality disorder? Mnemonic: CRINGES 1. What occupies thoughts? 2. What restrains in relationships? 3. Behavior in New relationships? 4. Before engaging socially? 5. Avoids occupation? 6. Prevention of new activity/risks? 7. View on self?

CRINGES Criticism/rejection preoccupies thoughts in social sitches. Restraint in relationships due to fear of shame Inhibited in new relationships Needs to be liked before engaging socially Gets around occupational activities involving interpersonal contact Embarrassment prevents new activity or taking risks Self viewed as unappealing or inferior

excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviors, fears of separation

Dependent personality disorder

Aspects of Dependent personality disorder? Mnemonic: RELIANCE 1. What is required? 2. Expressing what is difficult? 3. Assumes what by others? 4. Difficult to _____ projects 5. Feels helpless and uncomfortable when? 6. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain? 7. What happens when a relationship ends 8. Exaggerated fears of what?

``` RELIANCE Reassurance required Expressing disagreement difficult Life responsibilities assumed by others Initiating projects difficult Alone (feels helpless and uncomfortable when alone) Nurturance (goes to excessive lengths to obtain) Companionship sought urgently when a relationship ends Exaggerated fears of being left to care for self ```

pattern of mental and interpersonal | control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Aspects of Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder? Mnemonic: SCRIMPER 1. Does not budge 2. Obsessed with ____ 3. Flexibility 4. Overconscious about? 5. Standards? 6. Excludes ___ due to ____ 7. Delegation?

``` Stubborn Cannot discard worthless objects Rule obsessed Inflexible morality, ethics, values (overconscious about) Perfectionistic Excludes leisure due to devotion to work Reluctant to delegate to other ```

Passive-aggressive disorder affects ___ and ___. 1. Pro________ 2. Job they dont want to do? 3. What happens when suggestions for improvement made? 4. How do they treat people in authority 5. Failure to do _ work? 6. Claims demands made on them are _______ 7. Irritable when asked to ______

* Job and interpersonal relationships 1. Procrastination 2. Failure to do job or doing a poor job, when it is something they don’t want to do 3. Resentment suggestion about how to improve performance 4. Excessively (unreasonable) scornful and critical of people in authority 5. Failure to do fair share of work 6. Claims demands made on them are unreasonable 7. Irritable when asked to do a task

4 personality disorders in Cluster C?

* Avoidant * Obsessive Compulsive * Dependent * Passive Aggressive

During Assessment of person with personality disorder Maintain _______ during the interview so the client does not become defensive or guarded. Assess _____mechanisms: _____ and ______. These clients have long- standing behavioral traits that are _________ which causes difficulty in relating to and working with others.

* Sensitivity * Coping mechanisms: constructive and deconstructive. * maladaptive

When caring for people w/ personality disorders It is important for nursing staff to ________ to avoid attempts at _______ and ________including client with staff and staff with staff, in order to maintain a structured milieu

* Work as a team | * Avoid manipulation and power struggles

``` General goals for personality disorders: Establish a _______ Reduced impaired _______ Assist in developing a_____ _____ Promote ____ reducing activities Assist in developing_____ _____ Maintain _____ integrity ```

* Therapeutic relationship * Reduce impaired perception * Healthy lifestyle * Anxiety reducing activities * Positive relationships * Biologic integrity

Cluster specific Interventions for cluster A: 1. Approach in what manner? 2. Respect need for what two things? 3. What kind of communication could be portrayed as threatening? Be mindful of this. 4. Interactions with people should be encouraged how?

1. Gentle non intrusive manner 2. Distance and Privacy 3. Non-verbal 4. GRADUALLY

Cluster specific Interventions for cluster B: 1. What comes first? 2. Set what to protect from impulses and harming other clients 3. Days/activities must be what to avoid what? 4. Teamwork to avoid ______? 5. Help client recognize what 3 things? 6. Encourage what 2 things?

1. SAFETY FIRST - suicide/self mutilations 2. Strict Limitations 3. structured to avoid manipulation 4, Splitting - pitting against one another 5. fears, thinking, and behavior 6. Acknowledgement of others and Direct communication

Cluster specific Interventions for cluster C: 1. Point out what? 2. how to help increase self confidence and independence. 3. how to decrease rigidity and need for control

1. avoidance behavior 2. Assertiveness and problem solving- skills training 3. Encourage expressing feelings to decrease rigidity and need for control.

4 classes of meds used for treating PD? important to remember?

Antipsychotic Antidepressants Anxiolytics Mood stabilizers (not fda approved for treatment of PD)

Make decisions in what kind of setting? Why?

* Group Setting | * Harder to manipulate

is a phenomenon in which one seems to direct feelings or desires related to an important figure in one’s life—such as a parent—toward someone who is not that person?

Transference

occurs when the therapist projects their own unresolved conflicts onto the client.

Countertranference