Personality disorders Flashcards
Cluster A (Odd/Eccentric Personality Disorders)
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Cluster B (Dramatic/Emotional Disorder)
BPD, Antisocial,Narcissistic, Histrionic
Cluster C (Anxious/fearful)
Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive compulsive
Prevalence of PD
0.5-2.5%
Clinical features of Paranoid Personality
distrust and suspiciousness of others
Behavioral manifestations of Paranoid personality disorder
Mistrust Argumentative Grudges Complaints Hidden meaning Hostile Do not express feelings
Which disorder is characterised by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships, limited range of emotions
Schizoid PD
Primary Characteristics of Schizoid PD
- Avoid social activities
- Prefer Solitary activities
- Little pleasure in most activities
- Detachment
- Do not express their feelings (common with paranoid)
- Sensitive to criticism but will not express it
Antisocial PD - Overview
- Non compliance with social norms
- Violate rights of others
- Irresponsive/Impulsive/Deceitful
- Lack conscience, empathy, remorse
Characteristics of Antisocial
- No regrets
- High rates of serial killers
- Difficult to get excited
- Fixation on their own goals
- Need to have a diagnosis of conduct disorder in childhood
What’s the difference between a psychopath and a sociopath
Psychopaths are cold, sociopaths are nervous
Major characteristics of psychopathy
- Superficial charm
- Good intelligence
- Unreliability
- Untruthfulness and insincerity
- Lack of shame/remorse
What is dyssocial psychopathy
A phenomenon that shows that we can all become antisocial with the influence of a group like mafias
Neurobiological factors involved in antisocial
- Underarousal hypothesis
- Cortical immaturity hypothesis
- Fearlessness hypothesis
Treatment of Antisocial
Focus on prevention and rehabilitation
BPD Clinical Features
- Patterns of unstable mood
- Fear of abandonment and poor self image
- Self-harm
- First disorder to change the idea that PD’s cannot be treated
BPD Clinical Features
- Patterns of unstable mood
- Fear of abandonment and poor self image
- Self harm
- First disorder to change the idea that PD’s cannot be treated
Causes of BPD
Early trauma and abuse
Runs in families
Treatment options for BPD
- DBT
- SSRIS
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Kinda between Narcissist and BPD
Shallow and only care about their appearance
Overview of Histrionic
- Dramatic, Sensational and sexually provocative
- Impulsive and need to be at the centre of attention
- Thinking and emotions are perceived as shallow
- Common diagnosis in females
Which disorder is a sex-typed variant of Antisocial?
Histrionic
Treatment of histrionic
- Focus on attention seeking and long term consequences
- Address problematic interpersonal behaviours
- Limited evidence for treatment
Clinical features of histrionic
- Dress and behave seductively
- Concered about appearance
- Attention-seeking
- Impulsive
- Dichotomous thinking
- Vague speech full of hyperboles
Which PD find it it hard to get excited
Antisocial
Which disorders have difficulty expressing emotions
Schizoid and Paranoid
Narcissistic PD Features
- Unreasonable self-importance
- Attention seeking
- Lack sensitivity/compassion
- Sensitive to criticism
Causes of narcissism
- Failure to learn empathy as a child
- Product of me generation
Treatment for Narcissism
Focus on grandiosity and lack of empathy
May also focus on concurring depression
Avoidant personality disorder
Sensitive to opinions of others Avoid relationships Anxious and fearful of rejection Low self-esteem Dependent on those they feel comfortable with
What’s the difference between schizoid and Avoidant in terms of relatioship
Schizoids don’t want relationships and APD they dant have friends so that they dont lose them or feel rejected
Dependent PD
- Overly reliant on making major and minor decisions
- Unreasonable fear of abandonmnet
- Clingy and submissive in relationships
Causes of dependent PD
Linked to early disruption in learning independence
Treatment options for dependent PD
Focus on skills that foster independence
Characteristic of Dependent PD
Tend to agree with others to avoid rejection
Submissiveness, passivity, timidity
Similarities between dependent PD and Avoidant PD
- Feelings of inadequacy
- Sensitive to criticism and need of reassurance
Differences between Avoidant and Dependant
Avoidant respond by avoiding relationships whereas DPD cling to relationships
OCPD Features
- Excessive fixation on doing things the right way
- highly perfectionistic, orderly and emotionally shallow
- True obsessions and compulsions are rare
Treatment for OCDP
- Address fears related to need for orderlinsess
- Focus on rumination, procrastination and feelings of inadequacy
- Workaholics because they are unproductive
- Goals is create a perfect self to be accepted
Ideas of reference are common in
Schizotypal and paranoid
Schizotypal PD have __ and __ beliefs
Suscpicious
Odd
Magical thinking is associated with which PD
Schizotypal
Avoidant PD is associated with fear of ___ ____
being criticised
