Mood disorders Flashcards
Rates of MDD in children
1.5%
Rates of MDD in adolescents
Same with adults
Women with BD are more likely to
Have more depressive episodes, rapid cycling, be diagnosed with BDII
PTSD Rates
7.8%
OCD Rates
2.6%
GAD, Social Anxiety, Specific phobias rates
4%, 13%, 11%
Mood disorders prevalence and statistics
16% lifetime for depression
1% bipolar
average duration if untreated 4-9 months in depression
Age of onset in BDI, BDII, Cyclothymia
18, 22, 12-14
Defining criteria for cyclothymic disoder
2 years symptoms not sever enogh t meet criteria no manic episode no more than 2 months increased risk for bipolar
Oresme
Bizarre behavior was a result of a disease called depression, instead of demons
Hippocrates
Hysteria brain pathology emphasized interpersonal relationships genetics humors
Ratio of females in DID and average number of identities
9:1, 15 average, up to 100
Hoarding rates, trichotillomania rates
2-5%
1-5% in college students
Pareclesus
Influence of moon and stars positions
lunacy
The gravitational pull of the moon on bodily fluids causes MD
Galen
Humoral theory built upon Hippocrates 4 types of humors phlegmatic= apathy and sluggishness blood=delirium choleric=hot tempered melancholic=depressed
Pasteur is known for the cure of
General Paresis of the Insane
syphillis
Psychotic features appear in % of cases with depression
5-20%
Episodic Course
Recovers in a few months and has another episode down the line
Prevalence of Panic Disorder and agoraphobia and ratio
3.5%
2/3rds female
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
one of the following (5 total) -mood swings -anger/irritability -mood decrease -marked anxiety one of the following -concentration issues -fatigue -hypersomnia or insomnia -lack of interest -apetite changes -feeling overwhelmed -muscle and joint pain -breast tenderness
Melancholic features
Anehdonia Early awakenings Lack of appetite Loss of libido Guilt
Percentage of women meeting criteria of peripartum depression after giving birth
13-19%
A large percentage (__) of these types of panic attacks occurring during the stage of sleep known as______
60%
Delta wave
Atypical specifier
Overeat, oversleep
Can find pleasure in some activities
William Tuck
UK Pinel’s follower (remember William Shakespeare)
Benjamin Rush
Father of US psychiatry
Dorothea Dix
Mental Health Hygiene Movement
Kohut
“Self-psychology”
Theory of formation of the self focused on the attributes that lead to health or neurosis
Trephining
Drilling a hole in skull to release spirits
Minimum number of cycles for it to be considered “rapid-cycling”
4 or more in a year
ultra rapid last a few weeks
ultra ultra days to week
Minimum number of cycles for it to be considered “rapid-cycling”
4 or more in a year
ultra rapid last a few weeks
ultra ultra days to week
Pinel and Pussin
Moral treatment
Positive interventions
Onset of Persistent Depressive Disorder
Early=21 (greater chronicity and poorer prognosis)
Late=early 20’s
Depression beings usually in ____ ______.
Early adolescence and then increases in a linear function
Number of symptoms for Major Depressive Disorder and minimum duration
either decreased mood or loss of interest and other 4
2 weeks minimum
Minimum duration for diagnosis of PTSD
1 month
Acute stress disorder duration required for diagnosis
Less than a month after the event
Delayed onset PTSD
6 months or later after exposure to trauma
GAD duration for diagnosis
6 months
Muscle tension and fatigue is found in
GAD
The only phobia that causes fainting due to strong vasovagal response
Blood-injection-injury phobia
Preferred drug choice for depression, anxiety, PTSD, ocd
SSRI’s
Most common additional diagnosis for all anxiety disorders and percentage
Depression in 50% of cases
Age of onset of natural environment phobias and animal phobias
7 years old
Age of onset for blood-injection-injury phobia
9 years old
Type of anxiety in which sex ratio is equal
Social anxiety disorder
Type of onset and age of GAD
Early adulthood, insidious
Age of onset in Panic disorder
25-29, acute mostly
Systems targetted by medication to alleviate anxiety
serotonergic
noradrenergic
benzodiazepine GABA system
Systems targetted by medication to alleviate anxiety
serotonergic
noradrenergic
benzodiazepine GABA system
Best long term outcome therapy for Panic Disorder
CBT alone
Onset of specific phobias
15-20 years old
Adjustment disorders
development of emotional and behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor occurring within three months of the onset of the stressor
Heritable trait related to anxiety
Anxiety sensitivity ( tendency to become distressed in response to arousal related sensations)
Previously known as Briquete’s syndrome
Somatic symptom disorder
Sex ratio and age of onset for Depersonalization-derealization disorder
1:1
Mean age of onset 16
Sex ratio and age of onset for Depersonalization-derealization disorder
1:1
Mean age of onset 16
Children with mood dysregulation disorder are more likely to develop ______ as adults
Depression
Number of symptoms of a depressive episode to qualify for Persistent Depressive Disorder
2 or more
Number of symptoms for Manic episode
3 or more
4 (if only irritable mood)
_______ ______ behavior wax and wane in severity throughout an individuals life
Skin picking
It becomes more severe with each decade
Hoarding disorder
Behavioral inhibition system implicated in ____ disorders
Anxiety
___% of people with panic attack committed suicide
20%
___% of people with panic attack committed suicide
20%
Age of onset of Social Phobias
15
Number of symptoms to diagnose GAD in children
1
GAD criteria and how many
3
sleep concentration fatigue muscle tension restlessness irritable
Age of onset in Panic Disorder
25-29
Chronic PTSD is diagnosed after
- months
Chromipramime and others SSRIs are __% effective for OCD
60
John grey
Cause of insanity always physical
