personality continued

Question 1

Despite research efforts, the evidence is less conclusive

Answer 1

Herron and Robinson (1993)

Question 2

personality of individuals explains their …..

Answer 2

actions

Question 3

’ a drive to excel’

Answer 3

a desire to do well for the sake of an inner feeling of personal accomplishment

Question 4

Takes into account the…..

Answer 4

percieved risk of the situation and the percieved level of competence

Question 5

Prospect of achievment satisfaction, not money

Answer 5

which drives the entrepneuer

Question 6

Individuals who are high achievers will choose a situatuion charachterised by

Answer 6

individual responsibilty
Moderate risk taking
Knowledge of results of decisions (seek feedback)

Question 7

n.Ach uses unsound methadology

Answer 7

Thematic apperception test

Question 8

Studies persaonlity traits on ventures growth amongt 168 Chinese entrpereneurs in SMEs in Singapore, partial least squared model. Find experience, networking activities positively effect venture growth. Also find locus of control and n.ach but less of an effect

Answer 8

Lee and Tsang (2001)

Question 9

Begley and Bond (1987)

Answer 9

found that there was little relationship between psychological attributes and financial alternatives

Question 10

Traits are janus-faced, have complementary facets that are less positive

Answer 10

Energy, passion, optimism–> overconfidence
Self efficay, self-confidence–> hubris and narcissimsm
N.ach and power–> ruthlessness and agressivness
Independence and autonomy–> Social difference
Need for control, dominance–> obessive behaviour, mistrust, suspicion

Question 11

percieved context

Answer 11

Knowledge and situational factors, found to be mroe important determinants of risk-taking than personality traits

Question 12

Schere (1982)

Answer 12

Entrpeneuers keep an open mind

Respond quickly to change

Question 13

Individuals with high TFA

Answer 13

Desirable and challenging –> complex situations

Question 14

Evidence on locus of control

Answer 14

internal locus of control and n.Ach are postively associated
Low to moderate correlation between internal control and entrepeneurs
Few detected differences beteween etnrpeneurs and managers
Locus of control concept has been abandoned in pshycology

Question 15

Socialisation process in childhood determines personal attributes

Answer 15

Entrpenurial behaviour is result of negative charachteristic and drives
Financial beneifts do not always lead to personal satisfaction and personal hapiness

Question 16

Entrepeneurs are ‘special people’

Answer 16

Schumpeter (1934)

Question 17

Critque of the deviant perspective

Answer 17

– Lack of empirical evidence to support this view
– Only covers some motivations for starting a business
– Other social pressures to start a business not considered
– ‘Deviants’ are found throughout society: no reason to believe that proportionally more are found in business ownership
– Entrepreneurs can come from emotionally and financially stable families
– Parents can act as role models (i.e., family firms)

Question 18

• Entrepreneurs are propelled by feelings of:

Answer 18

– Poor self-esteem, insecurity, lack of self-confidence and an inability to fit into an organization

Question 19

Studies show that personality is not the main reason people become entrepreneurs.
More to do with

Answer 19

social context/family background/education/work experience/issues of financial/social capital are more influential.

Question 20

• Socio-economic factors considered

Answer 20

• social class
• family composition and background
• parental background

Question 21

• Heuristics - short-cuts that entrepreneurs use to make strategic decisions.
• Knowledge structures (prior knowledge leveraged)
• Intrinsic motivation (interest and enjoyment and not to get an external reward)
• Self-efficacy (beliefs about one’s capabilities to achieve a goal)

Answer 21

• Cognitive models have been presented to explain the behaviour of entrepreneurs (Delmar, 2000):

Question 22

• Practitioners can address attitudinal barriers

Answer 22

– females, ethnic minorities, young people, people in depressed communities
– Training for enterprise programmes throughout the world provide ‘Motivation Modules’ to develop the entrepreneurial aspirations and motivations of trainees