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Personality/Behavioural Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Personality Disorders?

A

Maladaptive patterns of behaviour, cognition and inner experiences seen across many contexts and deviating from cultural/societal norms

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2
Q

How does a patient with Paranoid personality disorder present?

A 
Suspicious 
Mistrustful
Interprets events as persecutory
Bears grudges
Strong sense of rights
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3
Q

How does a patient with Schizoid personality disorder present?

A 
Detached
Solitary
Aloof
Little interest in people and sex
Lack close friends
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4
Q

How does a patient with Schizotypal personality disorder present?

A

Eccentric
Odd behaviour/thinking
Unconventional beliefs

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5
Q

How does a patient with Borderline personality disorder present?

A 
Emotionally unstable
Impulsivity
Parasuicidal acts
Chronic feelings of emptiness
Unstable + Intense relationships
Fear of abandonment
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6
Q

How does a patient with Narcissistic personality disorder present?

A

Grandiose
Self-important
Degrading others

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7
Q

How does a patient with Antisocial personality disorder present?

A

Unconcerned with feelings of others
Disregard for rules
Impulsive
Low tolerance for frustration

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8
Q

How does a patient with Histrionic personality disorder present?

A 
Theatrical
Dramatic
Superficial Emotionality
Seductiveness
Suggestibility
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9
Q

How does a patient with Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder present?

A

Rigid
Stubborn
Perfectionistic
Pre-occupied with rules, order and routine

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10
Q

How does a patient with Dependant personality disorder present?

A

Need others to make decisions for them
Fear abandonment
Need reassurance

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11
Q

How does a patient with Anxious-Avoidant personality disorder present?

A

Persistent anxiety
Sensitive to rejection
Avoid relationships unless acceptance guaranteed

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12
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

A sudden onset of intense anxiety with cognitive and somatic symptoms

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13
Q

What are some symptoms of a panic disorder?

A 
Sweating
Tremor
Palpitations
Paraesthesia
Hyperventilation
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14
Q

What is Agoraphobia?

A

Anxiety in specific situations - far from home,using public transport. Restriction in activities

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15
Q

How can a panic disorder be managed?

A

SSRIs

CBT

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16
Q

How can agoraphobia be managed?

A

SSRIs

CBT

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17
Q

What is Social Anxiety?

A

Fear of judgement in social situations leads to anxiety and avoidance

18
Q

How can Social Anxiety be managed?

A

SSRIs

CBT

19
Q

What is OCD?

A

Unwanted recurring distressing thoughts/images out of character and abhorrent to the patient

20
Q

How do patients compensate for OCD?

A

Compulsions:
Overt - Actions
Covert - Praying, counting, repeating words

21
Q

What is Health Anxiety?

A

Obsessional pre-occupation with idea they are ill. Often severe, with HIV, AIDS or Cancer

22
Q

What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

A

Preoccupation with imagined physical defect which can lead to time-consuming behaviours

23
Q

What is PTSD?

A

Reaction to an excessively threatening situation/experience

24
Q

What are some symptoms of PTSD?

A

Avoidance
Hyperarousal
Re-experience of the situation as a nightmare/flashback

25
Q

What are some comorbid features often found with PTSD?

A

Other anxiety disorders
Depression
Substance Misuse

26
Q

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

A

Neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by abnormal social interaction, communication and restricted repetitive behaviours

27
Q

What are some risk factors for ASD?

A

Male
FHx
Genetic Variants
Chromosomal abnormalities

28
Q

What are some pre-disposing factors for ASD?

A

Infantile spasms
Congenital Rubella
Tuberous Sclerosis
Fragile X Syndrome

29
Q

How may social interaction be altered for patients with ASD?

A

Lack of response to others’ emotions
Unable to interpret social clues
Unable to form social attachment

30
Q

How may communication be altered for patients with ASD?

A

Delayed/minimal expressive speech
Impairment of make-believe
Lack of social gestures
One-way conversational skills

31
Q

What are some restrictive repetitive behaviours patients with ASD may demonstrate?

A

Resist change with a rigid daily routine
Unable to adapt
Preoccupation with specific interests

32
Q

How is ASD diagnosed?

A

Clincial assessment
Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO)
Autism Diagnosis Observation Schedule (ADOS)

33
Q

What are pharmacological management options for ASD?

A

SSRIs

Melatonin if sleep cycle is disturbed

34
Q

What are some non-pharmacological interventions for ASD?

A 
Specialist education
OT
Clinical Psychology 
Sleep hygeine
Care agency
35
Q

What are some complications of ASD that patients may face?

A

Social Isolation
Bullying and Victimisation
Unable to live independently

36
Q

What is ADHD?

A

A condition incorporating features of inattention +/- hyperactivity that are persistent

37
Q

What are some features of inattention found with ADHD?

A 
Does not follow through instructions
Reluctant to engage in intense tasks
Easily distracted
Difficult to sustain tasks
Difficult to organise tasks
Forgetful with daily activities
Loses things needed for activities
Does not appear to listen
38
Q

What are some features of hyperactivity found with ADHD?

A 
Unable to play quietly
Talks excessively
Does not wait their turn
Often - "On the go"
Will spontaneously leave their seat
Often interruptive
Will answer prematurely
Will run and climb in inappropriate situations
39
Q

How should suspected ADHD initially be managed?

A

10w of watch and wait, followed by CAMHS referral if appropriate

40
Q

Which drugs are used to manage ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate

Lisdexamfetamine

41
Q

What is the caution with ADHD management drugs?

A

Cardiotoxic - Need baseline ECG

Psych (4 decks)

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