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Mood Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the core symptoms of depression?

A

Continuous Low Mood >2/52
Lack of Energy
Anhedonia

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2
Q

What are Biological Symptoms of depression?

A

Sleep, appetite and weight changes
Diurnal mood variation
Psychomotor changes

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3
Q

What are Cognitive symptoms of depression?

A 
Low self-esteem
Guilt/Self-Blame
Hopelessness
Hypochondriacal thoughts
Poor concentration
Suicidal ideation
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4
Q

How is Mild Depression classified?

A

2 Core symptoms + 2 other symptoms

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5
Q

How is Moderate Depression classified?

A

2 Core symptoms + 3-4 others

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6
Q

How is Severe Depression classified?

A

3 Core symptoms + >4 other

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7
Q

How does Severe Depression with Psychosis present?

A

Hallucinations and Delusions

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8
Q

What is Cyclothymia?

A

Mood characterised by periods of Mild Elevation/Depression with an early onset and a Chronic course

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9
Q

What is Dysthmia?

A

Mood characterised by Chronic low mood not fulfilling criteria for depression

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10
Q

What is a Mixed-Affective State?

A

Mixture or Rapid Alteration of Hypomania, Manic and Depressive Episodes

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11
Q

What management options are available for Depression?

A 
Pharmacological - SSRI, SNRI
ECT
CBT
Psychotherapy
Mindfulness
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12
Q

What is Bipolar Disorder?

A

Chronic mental health disorder with episodes of Mania/Hypomania and depression

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13
Q

What are some symptoms of Bipolar disorder?

A

Mood - Elevated, irritable
Speech and Thought - Pressured, Flight of Ideas, Poor Attention
Behaviour - Insomnia, Disinhibition, Increased Appetite

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14
Q

How does Hypomania present?

A

A 3-4 day spell of symptoms that are not limiting, with the patient remaining high-functioning and able to continue life as normal

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15
Q

How does Mania present?

A

A 7+ day spell of manic symptoms significant enough to impair social and work function. Can also present with psychotic features

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16
Q

What characterises Type 1 Bipolar?

A

Mania and Depression

17
Q

What characterises Type 2 Bipolar

A

Hypomania and Depression

18
Q

What is Psychosis?

A

Patient experiences are different to those around them

19
Q

What are some features of Psychosis?

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Thought disorganisation

20
Q

What are some associated features of Psychosis?

A 
Agitation
Aggression
Neurocognitive impairment
Depression
Thoughts of DSH
21
Q

What are some conditions that can present with Psychosis?

A 
Schizophrenia
Depression
Bipolar
Puerperal Psychosis
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Parkinsons
Huntingdons
Corticosteroid and Illicit drug use
Delirium
Delirium Tremens
Hyperthyroidism 
Encephalitis
Cerebral Lupus
22
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

A group of disorders presenting with Psychotic episodes and negative symptoms

23
Q

What are Schneider’ First rank symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A

Auditory Hallucinations
Thought Disorder
Passivisity Phenomena
Delusional Perceptions

24
Q

What are some common negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A 
Incongruity
Blunting of Affect
Anhedonia
Avolution
Poor Motivation
Alogia - Poverty of Speech
25
Q

What can be some associated features of Schizophrenia?

A

Impaired insight
Decreased speech
Neologisms
Catatonia

26
Q

How is Schizophrenia managed?

A

Antipsychotics:
Typical - Haloperidol
Atypical - Clozapine, Risperidone

27
Q

What are some indications for ECT?

A 
Depression
Catatnoia
Mani
Schizophrenia
Maintenance Therapy
28
Q

Which anaesthetic agents are used for ECT?

A

Etomidate

Propofol

29
Q

Which muscle relaxant is used with ECT?

A

Suxamethonium

30
Q

What are some absolute contraindications for ECT?

A 
Raised ICP
CVA
Cerebral Aneurysm
MI within 3/12
UA
DVT
Potassium imbalance
Respiratory conditions
Recent food/fluids
Cochlear implants
Phaeochromocytoma
Unstable #
Bariatric patients
31
Q

What are some relative contraindications for ECT?

A

Pregnancy
Pacemaker
Epilepsy

32
Q

What are some side effects of the anaesthesia used in ECT?

A 
MI
Arrythmia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Nausea
Death
33
Q

What are some side effects of ECT?

A 
Confusion
Headache
Status Epilepticus
Stroke
Arrhythmia
PE
Broken Teeth
Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia
34
Q

How are patients that receive ECT monitored?

A

EEG
Physical health check
Hamilton Depression rating scale
MOCA

Psych (4 decks)

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