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psychology YEAR 11 > personality and social psychology > Flashcards

personality and social psychology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a group?

A

two or more people who interact with and influence each other for more than a few moments.

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2
Q

what are social norms?

A

standards that govern what is expected in society and social situations

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3
Q

what are social roles?

A

activities taken on by individuals for the benefit of the group.

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4
Q

what is social status?

A

the level of prestige or importance of a person within a group

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5
Q

what is social identity?

A

part of our self-concept that is based on our membership in particular groups

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6
Q

what is cooperation in a group environment?

A

working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit. It is the behaviour in which groups work together to attain shared goals.

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7
Q

what are the advantages of cooperation?

A
  • helps reach goals
  • More likely to produce a ‘win’
  • each member receives appropriate share of rewards or benefits
  • Cohesiveness can boost productivity
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8
Q

what is competition?

A

takes place when people strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others who are trying to do the same thing.

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9
Q

what does competition do?

A
  • within groups reduces group cohesion

- between groups increases group unity

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10
Q

what is deindividualization?

A

abandoning the usual restraints of an individual to join in crowds or group behaviour

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11
Q

describe the characteristics of deindividualization?

A
  • Loss of self-identity
  • Large groups = more deindividuation
  • Anonymous = whether the individuals can be identified or not
  • Accountability = low = more deindividuation
  • Follow groups norms
  • Behave in a way you wouldn’t normally
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12
Q

define social loafing

A

a reduction in motivation and effort when individuals work in a group, compared to when they work individually

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13
Q

define brainstorming

A

a problem-solving strategy in which ideas are generated spontaneously, usually in a group setting, without any immediate critical judgment about their potential value

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14
Q

define group size

A

amount of members in that group impacts the cohesion of the group

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15
Q

what is the realistic conflict theory?

A

states that whenever there are two or more groups that are seeking the same limited resources, this will lead to conflict, negative stereotypes and beliefs, and discrimination between the groups.

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16
Q

what is the social identity theory?

A

describes what motivates us to join groups

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16
Q

what is the social identity theory?

A

describes what motivates us to join groups

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17
Q

what is the social identity theory?

A

describes what motivates us to join groups

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18
Q

define personality

A

the characteristic ways of thinking, feeling and acting that make a person an individual

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19
Q

what did freud consider personality to be?

A

considered personality develops from our efforts to resolve the conflict between our primitive, pleasure-seeking, biological urges and our internalized, socialized reactions to these

20
Q

define schema

A

an idea or understanding about what something is and how to deal with it

21
Q

what are self report personality tests?

A

personality inventories

  • questionnaires designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors assessing several traits at once,
  • generally measured against a Likert-type scale or items with multiple-choice answers.
22
Q

what is ego?

A

the conscious part of personality that constructs defense mechanisms to deal with the anxiety created by the conflict between the id and superego
- the ‘reality principle’

23
Q

what are strengths of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • accounts for the impact of childhood on adult personality
  • Explores the innate drives that motivate our behavior
  • accounts for both sides of the nature / nurture debate
24
Q

what are self actualization needs?

A
  • realizing personal potential, self fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences
    “DESIRE TO BECOME EVERYTHING ONE IS CAPABLE OF BECOMING”
25
Q

describe cognitive development

A

involves changes in abilities such as thinking and reasoning, memory, attention, imagination and language

26
Q

what are growth needs?

A

arise as a desire to grow as an individual

27
Q

what are cardinal traits?

A
  • core traits that are regarded as basic building blocks for personalitiy development
28
Q

what is neuroticism?

A
  • determined by the reactivity of their sympathetic nervous system?
  • stable = less reactive to stressful situations, remaining calm
  • high in neuroticism = unstable, overreact to sstimuli and quick to worry
29
Q

what are central traits?

A

building blocks of personalitiy more commonly recognised

30
Q

what are the two dimensions of did Eysenck believe represented behviour?

A

= Introversion / Extroversion (E)

= Neuroticism / Stability (N)

31
Q

describe physical development

A
  • covers changes in size, proportion, appearance, motor skills and coordination
32
Q

what are physiological needs?

A

These are biological requirements for

human survival, eg air, food, drink, clothing, warmth

33
Q

what is the trait approach to personality?

A
  • assumes behaviour is determined by relatively stable traits which are fundamental units of one’s personality
34
Q

what are three things personality consists of?

A

id, ego, superego

35
Q

what are love and belongingness needs?

A
  • need for interpersonal relationships
  • social
  • motivates behavior
36
Q

what are introverts?

A
  • preference for LESS stimulating environments
  • quiet and reserved
  • plan their actions and control their emotions
  • Serious, reliable and pessimistic
37
Q

what is an ecample of the personality inventory?

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
- originally developed to identify emotional disorders.
- Series of questions or statements for which the test taker must indicate whether they
apply to them or not

38
Q

define regression

A

to return to an earlier and safer stage of development

39
Q

what are the 5 needs in maslows hierarchy?

A
  • physiological needs
  • safety needs
  • love and belongingness needs
  • esteem needs
  • self-actualization needs
40
Q

describe social development

A

refers to changes in relationships and interactions with other people

41
Q

define sensorimotor stage

A
  • first stage of child’s life

- learn by using their senses that interact with their surroundings

42
Q

define pre-operational stage

A
  • second stage in Piaget’s theory

- children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols

42
Q

define pre-operational stage

A
  • second stage in Piaget’s theory

- children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols

43
Q

what did esysenck do?

A
  • proposed a theory of personality based on biological factors
  • saying that individuals inherit a type of nervous system that affects their ability to learn and adapt to the environment.
44
Q

define accommodation

A

changing our schemas to include new experiences and information that cannot fit into existing schemas

45
Q

what methods are used by the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • free associations
  • dream analysis
  • word association
  • projective tests
46
Q

define repression

A

putting threatening thoughts out of consciousness

47
Q

define assimilation

A

a process by which individuals include new experiences and information in their current schemas

psychology YEAR 11 (13 decks)

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