Personality and Individual Differences Flashcards
Personality
Pattern of characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person
Social Development
Psychodynamic approaches to personality
Inner forces and conflicts, little awareness, no control
Social Development
Psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud
Unconscious forces, determinants of personality
Social Development
Unconscious
A part of the personality, contains memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives and instincts
NOT AWARE
The ID
unconscious
Raw, unorganized, inborn
Pleasure principle: reduce tension brought on by primitive drives, increase satisfaction
The ego
conscious
“Executive”
decision making component
Reality principle: institutional energy, keep safe, integrate into society
The superego
conscious
Right v wrong
Ethical component
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
How personality develops
Conflicts between demands of society v their own urges
Fixations: unresolved conflicts, comes from needs ignored/ overindulged
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Oral stage
birth-1.5
Mouth = pleasure
Fixations lead to eating, talking, smoking
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Anal stage
1.5-3
Anus =pleasure
Toilet training
Fixation may lead to unusually rigid, orderly and punctual or the opposite
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Phallic stage
3-6 y/o
Pleasure = genitals
Oedipal conflict: attracted to opposite sex parents
Identification: same sex parent, wanting to be like them
Difficulties may lead to improper sex role behavior and failure to develop a conscience
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Latency period
6-adolescence
sexual concerns temporarily put aside
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Genital stage
Adolescence to adulthood
Sexual feelings reemerge
Focus on sex
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Defense mechanisms
Repression
DM: Unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety
R: pushed down into the unconscious
Carl Jung rejected Freud
Collective unconscious
Common set of ideas, feelings, images, symbols inherited from ancestors
Archetypes: universal representations of persons, objects or experiences across culture and time periods
Karen Horney 1885-1952
Personality develops in the context social relationships and depends on parents/child relationship.
Alfred Adler 1870-1937
Inferiority complex: feelings of inferiority in adults they developed as children.
Extraversion
Degree of sociability
Neuroticism
Emotional stability
Psychoticism
The degree to which reality is distorted
Biological and evolutionary approaches
Personality are inherited
Temperament: basic innate disposition
Humanistic approach
Innate goodness and desire to achieve higher levels of functioning
Skinner’s behaviorist approach
Personality is learned behavior patterns
