Personality and Individual Differences

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Pattern of characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person

Question 2

Social Development
Psychodynamic approaches to personality

Answer 2

Inner forces and conflicts, little awareness, no control

Question 3

Social Development
Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud
Unconscious forces, determinants of personality

Question 4

Social Development
Unconscious

Answer 4

A part of the personality, contains memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives and instincts
NOT AWARE

Question 5

The ID
unconscious

Answer 5

Raw, unorganized, inborn

Pleasure principle: reduce tension brought on by primitive drives, increase satisfaction

Question 6

The ego
conscious

Answer 6

“Executive”
decision making component

Reality principle: institutional energy, keep safe, integrate into society

Question 7

The superego
conscious

Answer 7

Right v wrong
Ethical component

Question 8

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

Answer 8

How personality develops
Conflicts between demands of society v their own urges

Fixations: unresolved conflicts, comes from needs ignored/ overindulged

Question 9

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Oral stage

Answer 9

birth-1.5
Mouth = pleasure

Fixations lead to eating, talking, smoking

Question 10

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Anal stage

Answer 10

1.5-3

Anus =pleasure

Toilet training

Fixation may lead to unusually rigid, orderly and punctual or the opposite

Question 11

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Phallic stage

Answer 11

3-6 y/o

Pleasure = genitals

Oedipal conflict: attracted to opposite sex parents

Identification: same sex parent, wanting to be like them

Difficulties may lead to improper sex role behavior and failure to develop a conscience

Question 12

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Latency period

Answer 12

6-adolescence
sexual concerns temporarily put aside

Question 13

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Genital stage

Answer 13

Adolescence to adulthood
Sexual feelings reemerge
Focus on sex

Question 14

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Defense mechanisms

Repression

Answer 14

DM: Unconscious strategies to reduce anxiety

R: pushed down into the unconscious

Question 15

Carl Jung rejected Freud
Collective unconscious

Answer 15

Common set of ideas, feelings, images, symbols inherited from ancestors

Archetypes: universal representations of persons, objects or experiences across culture and time periods

Question 16

Karen Horney 1885-1952

Answer 16

Personality develops in the context social relationships and depends on parents/child relationship.

Question 17

Alfred Adler 1870-1937

Answer 17

Inferiority complex: feelings of inferiority in adults they developed as children.

Question 18

Extraversion

Answer 18

Degree of sociability

Question 19

Neuroticism

Answer 19

Emotional stability

Question 20

Psychoticism

Answer 20

The degree to which reality is distorted

Question 21

Biological and evolutionary approaches

Answer 21

Personality are inherited

Temperament: basic innate disposition

Question 22

Humanistic approach

Answer 22

Innate goodness and desire to achieve higher levels of functioning

Question 23

Skinner’s behaviorist approach

Answer 23

Personality is learned behavior patterns