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Psychology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality definition

A

“The sum total of an individual’s characteristics which make him/her unique” (Hollander, 1971)

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2
Q

Trait approach

A
  • stable

- traits are considered to predispose a person to act a certain way regardless of situation/circumstances

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3
Q

Situation approach

A
  • argues that behaviour is largely determined by the situation/environment
  • if the influence of the environment is strong enough, the influence of personality traits are minimal
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4
Q

Interactional approach

A
  • combination of state and trait personality determines behaviour
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5
Q

Big 5 Model of Personality

A 
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
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6
Q

Openess

A
  • originality
  • need for variety
  • curiosity
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7
Q

Conscientiousness

A
  • achievement striving

- self-discipline

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8
Q

Extroversion

A
  • enthusiasm
  • sociability
  • assertiveness
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9
Q

Agreeableness

A
  • amiability
  • altruism
  • modesty
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10
Q

Neuroticism

A

Anxiety, depression & anger vs. emotional stability

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11
Q

Structure of personality

A
  1. Role-related behaviour
  2. Typical responses
  3. Psychological core
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12
Q

Role-related behaviour

A
  • how you act in relation to your perceived role in a specific social situation
  • most changeable aspect of personality
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13
Q

Typical responses

A
  • usual manner in which we respond to different environmental situations
  • good indicator of the psychological core
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14
Q

Psychological core

A
  • represents the ‘real you’
  • deepest component of personality and therefore the most stable
  • includes:
    • attitudes
    • values
    • interests
    • motives
    • beliefs about yourself
    • self-worth
  • internal, constant, stable
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15
Q

Measuring personality

A
  1. Questionnaires
  2. Interviews
  3. Obeservations
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16
Q

Benefits of questionnaires

A
  • measures state and trait personality

- captures a person’s tendency to feel anxious vs. how anxious they feel generally

17
Q

Shortfalls of questionnaires

A
  • self-report
  • potential for bias (may not understand the question or believe that it is being used for team selection and therefore not be truthful in their answers)
18
Q

Benefits of interviews

A

Open-ended and flexible

19
Q

Shortfalls of interviews

A
  • difficult to quantify

- may be influenced by the interviewer

20
Q

Shortfalls of observations

A
  • difficult to quantify

- may be influenced by obeserver

21
Q

“Seeking sensation” Theory

A
  • Identifies the amount of stimulation a person will seek as an aspect of personality
  • made up of numerous qualities
22
Q

Qualities that make up the “sensation seeking” theory

A
  • seeking of thrills & adventure
  • tendency to act on impulse
  • seeking of new experiences
  • vulnerability to boredom
23
Q

Positive Mental Health (POMs) and the ‘Iceberg’ Profile

A
  • Morgan reported that the model was effective in predicting athletic performance
  • suggests mental health is directly linked to athletic success
  • 5 negative subscales
  • 1 positive subscale
  • successful athletes would score lower on the negative subscales and higher on the positive subscale
24
Q

Positive subscale of the ‘Iceberg’ profile

A

Vigour

25
Q

Negative subscales of the ‘Iceberg’ profile

A
  1. Neuroticism
  2. Fatigue
  3. Depression
  4. Confusion
  5. Anger
26
Q

Credulous vs. Sceptical Debate

A 
Credulous = belief that personality is closely related to athletic performance
Sceptical = argue that personality is not related to athletic success
27
Q

Athletes vs. Non-athletes study that benefited the ‘sceptical’ debate

A
  • there is no specific personality profile that continually distinguishes between athletes and non-athletes
  • outstanding athletes have similar personality characteristics regardless of gender
28
Q

Schurr’s study

A
  1. 2000 male college students
  2. could not distinguish between athletes and non-athletes
  3. differences emerged when categorised into sports
29
Q

Evidence that supports the ‘credulous’ debate

A

Female athletes are more oriented, independent, aggressive, emotionally stable and assertive than female non-athletes

Psychology (8 decks)

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