Personality Flashcards
A coach will often try to pair players with compatible personalities to form a successful doubles partnership.
What do you understand by the term ‘profile of mood states’? (3 marks)
A. Description – a graph to indicate the general profile of mood states/emotions of a performer
B. Six measures
C. Tension/depression/anger/vigour/fatigue/ confusion
D. Ice berg profile
E. Performers have higher levels of vigour and lower levels of other measures
F. Some elite performers do not have this profile/some non-elite athletes display the profile
How can knowledge of the interactionist theory of personality help a coach to improve the performance of an individual player? (4 marks)
A. (Explanation of Interactionist Theory) – mixture of personality traits and the situation/trait theory and social learning theory
B. Behaviour can alter in different situations
C. (Lewin) – Behaviour = function(Personality x Environment) / B=f(PE)
D. Psychological core/inner core is fairly permanent beliefs and values
E. Typical response/middle layer is usual behaviour in a given situation
F. Role-related behaviour/specific behaviour in a certain situation Application of theory
G. Theories suggest performers can be taught to alter their behaviour and improve performance/teach performer to act in certain ways in specific circumstances/learn how to respond to a specific situation
H. Coach identifies aspects of personality or behaviour to be changed
I. Creates situations or experiences to cause a change of behaviour/ eg teach aggressive player to be assertive/introvert performer not to become over-aroused in front of a crowd J. Coach identifies a suitable situation to avoid specific aspects of personality being displayed, eg move position to avoid aggressive behaviour
Explain the factors that contribute to a performer’s level of ‘achievement motivation’ (3 marks)
A. Achievement motivation = desire to succeed – fear of failure
B. Interactionist approach/depends on the personality and the situation
C. (Personality) – either Need to Achieve (nAch) or Need to Avoid Failure (nAf)
D. (Situation) – probability of success E. (Situation) – incentive value of success
Explain how approach behaviours can be developed within a team. (4 marks)
A. Positive experiences/give success/avoid negative feelings
B. Gradually increase task difficulty
C. Goal setting
D. Use positive feedback and praise/support from significant others
E. Reduce punishment
F. Encourage risk taking
G. Use attributions correctly
H. Develop high levels of self-efficacy/avoid learned helplessness
Discuss the suggestion that personality questionnaires can be an effective predictor of performance. (4 marks)
A. Named personality test – EPI, (Cattell) 16PF, SCAT, STA1, POMS, Achievement Motivation (Nach & Naf questionnaires) Sub-max of 2 marks
Agree B. Credulous approach
C. Personality traits linked to specific types of sports/characteristics of elite performance, eg calm under pressure/not aggressive/equiv
D. Used as part of talent identification programmes
E. Iceberg profile (Profile of mood states)
F. Linked into high levels of vigour
Sub-max of 2 marks
Disagree
G. Sceptical approach
H. No clear link between success/choice of sport and personality type
I. Research often contradicts each other
J. Personality can change due to situation
Conclusion
K. Neither approach has proved conclusive/no clear evidence to make accurate predictions.
Discuss the suggestion that Morgan’s Profile of Mood States is an effective method of identifying potential elite performers.
Agree A. Mood states are temporary/change depending on the situation/ unstable B. More accurate than traits/stable traits C. Successful performers display iceberg profile D. Successful performers have higher levels of vigour/anger Disagree E. Some elite performers do not have this profile F. Some non-elite athletes display the profile G. Elite performers may develop positive mood states as a result of success/do not display required mood states before becoming successful
How does the achievement motivation of a performer affect their approach behaviour?
A. (Achievement motivation) – desire to succeed – fear of failure
B. (depends on) – probability of success/chances of success
C. (depends on) – incentive value of success/rewards available/intrinsic motivation/extrinsic rewards
D. (depends on) – personality of performer/need to achieve or NACH personality/need to avoid failure or NAF personality Application
E. Performer with higher need to achieve will display approach behaviour
F. Performer with higher need to avoid failure will display avoidance behaviour
G. (Approach behaviour/Nach) – attempts challenges/take risks/not worry about failure/50-50 chance of success/likes feedback or equiv. (Avoidance behaviour/Naf) – avoids challenges/worries about failure/dislikes feedback or equiv.
How can knowledge of the interactionist theory of personality help a coach to improve the performance of an individual player?
Explanation of theory A. (Explanation of Interactionist Theory) – mixture of personality traits and the situation/trait theory and social learning theory B. Behaviour can alter in different situations C. (Lewin) – Behaviour = function(Personality x Environment) / B=f(PE) D. Psychological core/inner core is fairly permanent beliefs and values E. Typical response/middle layer is usual behaviour in a given situation F. Role-related behaviour/specific behaviour in a certain situation Application of theory G. Theories suggest performers can be taught to alter their behaviour and improve performance/teach performer to act in certain ways in specific circumstances/learn how to respond to a specific situation H. Coach identifies aspects of personality or behaviour to be changed I. Creates situations or experiences to cause a change of behaviour/ eg teach aggressive player to be assertive/introvert performer not to become over-aroused in front of a crowd J. Coach identifies a suitable situation to avoid specific aspects of personality being displayed, eg move position to avoid aggressive behaviour
