Attitudes Flashcards
Name and explain the components of attitudes, giving an example of how a tennis player would display a positive ‘attitude’ (3 marks)
A. Cognitive (component) – believe/think they are training and playing in the correct manner or eq.
B. Affective (component) – positive feelings/emotions/enjoyment or eq.
C. Behavioural (component) – actions of the player/ train regularly/compete fairly or eq
D. Use of applied positive example
Using one named psychological theory, outline how the negative attitude of an individual or team can be changed. (4 marks)
4 marks for 4 of; Accept first theory only/Theory must be named to be credited
A. Persuasive communication
B. Status of messenger/person delivering information/significant other C. Quality of message/new information
D. Situation/time when message is given
E. Individual’s resistance to change
F. Cognitive dissonance
G. Attempts to create conflict in thoughts/beliefs/alter one part of Triadic Model/psychological discomfort
H. Cognitive – give new information/education
I. Affective – create new emotions/enjoyment/fun/feeling of safety or equiv.
J. Behavioural – give success/reinforcement
Explain the term attitude and explain how attitudes are formed.
A. Attitudes are beliefs/values/feelings/behaviour linked to an attitude object (or equivalent) B. Triadic Model / cognitive, affective, behavioural components C. (Past experiences) – eg success creates positive emotions/negative experience a negative attitude/fear or failure or equiv D. (Social learning / socialisation) – watching and copying others/peer groups/role models/family/teachers/coaches/media/cultural beliefs/ traditions or equiv/cognitive dissonance/persuasive communication E. (Conditioning) – behaviour followed by rewards encourages repeat behaviour/praise/rewards or equiv F. (Familiarity / frequent exposure) – increased exposure more linked to form positive attitude eg attendance at a club or equiv
Explain how the negative attitude of players can impact on the cohesion of a team and using named psychological theories, describe how a negative attitude may be changed. [14 marks]
Explanation of negative attitude and impact of cohesion A. (Definition of attitude) – unique feelings and thoughts/Triadic Model/cognitive, affective, behavioural/attitude object B. Cognitive component – thoughts and opinions C. Example of negative impact e.g. feel training is not worthwhile or equiv. D. Affective component – emotional feelings E. Example of negative impact e.g. not enjoying the training, feels under –valued, discriminated/stereotyping/prejudice or equiv. F. Behavioural component – actions and behaviour G. Example of negative impact e.g. does not participate fully in training, fails to follow agreed tactics or equiv. H. Decrease in actual productivity of the team/ players become part of a faulty process/ actual productivity = potential productivity – losses due to faulty processes I. Poor coordination/poor motivation J. Social loafing – performer ‘hides’ within the team/reduced effort K. Ringlemann effect – performance/cohesion may decrease as group size increases L. (Poor task cohesion) – fail to work within the group to achieve a common goal/ fail to follow tactics or equiv. M. (Poor social cohesion) – poor social interaction within the group, causes cliques or equiv. Changing negative attitudes N. Cognitive dissonance O. Attempts to create conflict in thoughts/beliefs/alter one part of the Triadic Model/psychological discomfort P. Cognitive – give new information/ideas Q. Affective – create new emotions/enjoyment/challenge/motivation or equiv. R. Behavioural – give success/reinforcement S. Applied example of any component or all three combined – e.g. set new goals or give position of responsibility or equiv. T. Persuasive communication U. Status of the messenger/person delivering the information/significant other
V. Quality of the message/new information
W. Situation/time when message is delivered X. Individual’s resistance to change/strength of current attitude
Y. Applied example – the head coach talks to the player individually and explain the need to change the tactics normally used to help team mates succeed or equiv.
Explain the term attitude and explain how attitudes are formed.
A. Attitudes are beliefs/values/feelings/behaviour linked to an attitude object (or equivalent) B. Triadic Model / cognitive, affective, behavioural components C. (Past experiences) – eg success creates positive emotions/negative experience a negative attitude/fear or failure or equiv D. (Social learning / socialisation) – watching and copying others/peer groups/role models/family/teachers/coaches/media/cultural beliefs/ traditions or equiv/cognitive dissonance/persuasive communication E. (Conditioning) – behaviour followed by rewards encourages repeat behaviour/praise/rewards or equiv F. (Familiarity / frequent exposure) – increased exposure more linked to form positive
attitude eg attendance at a club or equiv
