Personality

Question 1

What is temperament

Answer 1

The genetic component of personality

Question 2

What is Thomas chess and birchs study (temperament)

Answer 2

What to say whether response to the environment stays the same throughout life
133 children were studied from very young to young adult hood, their behaviour was watched and their parents were interviewed about their routine and their reactions to change
The children fell into 3 types easy difficult and slow to warm up
Ways of responding stayed the same, temperament is innate

Question 3

What is buss and plomins study (temperament)

Answer 3

To see if temperament is innate
Monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins were studied and rated their temperament by looking at emotionality, activity and sociability
There was a closer correlation between the scores of the monozygotic twins
Temperament is innate

Question 4

What is kagan and snidmans study (temperament)

Answer 4

To see if temperament is due to biological differences
The baby was in a seat near their caregiver for a minute then for the next three minutes the caregiver could not be seen and the baby was shown toys, their reactions were studied
some babies showed distress by crying and moving, some babies showed distress by not moving/talking The rest were between
Temperaments are innate

Question 5

What is a study on personality (Eysenck)

Answer 5

To investigate personality differences between people
700 service men did a questionnaire, the results were analysed using factor analysis
Two dimensions of personality were found introvert extrovert and neurotic stable
Everyone can be placed along these two dimensions, most people are in the middle

Question 6

What is an introvert

Answer 6

A personality type that describes people who are happy with their own company

Question 7

What is an extrovert

Answer 7

A personality type that describes people who look to the outside world for entertainment

Question 8

What is neurotic personality

Answer 8

A personality type that describes people who are highly emotional and show a quick intense reaction to fear

Question 9

What is the EPI

Answer 9

Eysenck personality inventory

Question 10

What is the EPQ

Answer 10

Eysenck personality questionnaire (the EPI + psychoticism

Question 11

What’s the EPI (Eysenck personality inventory)

Answer 11

The scale used to measure extroversion introversion and neuroticism stability

Question 12

What is psychoticism

Answer 12

A 3rd dimension identified by Eysenck. People that score high on this are aggressive and cruel

Question 13

What is antisocial personality disorder

Answer 13

A condition in which the individual does not use socially acceptable behaviour or consider the rights of others

Question 14

What are some characteristics of APD

Answer 14

Being careless about safety of yourself or others
Not following the laws of society
Being deceitful by lying

Question 15

How old do you have to be to be diagnosed with APD

Answer 15

18

Question 16

What is nature

Answer 16

Genes/ biological

Question 17

What is nurture

Answer 17

Environment/ how are you are brought up

Question 18

What part of the brain is affected if you have APD

Answer 18

The amygdala

Question 19

Where is the amygdala located

Answer 19

In the middle of the brain hemispheres

Question 20

What does the amygdala do

Answer 20

It’s a part of the brain responsible for learning from negative consequences of actions

Question 21

Give a study on causes of APD (Raine et al)

Answer 21

To support the theory that abnormalities in the pre frontal cortex cause APD
MRI was used to study men with APD and healthy men
The APD group had a reduction in pre frontal grey matter
APD is caused by reduction in the brains grey matter

Question 22

What is personality

Answer 22

The thoughts feelings and behaviours that make an individual unique

Question 23

What is farringtons study (causes/ development of anti social behaviour)

Answer 23

To investigate the development of antisocial behaviour in men
A longitudinal study was done on lots of men living in a deprived inner city of London. Their parents and teachers were interviewed and they were checked for criminal records
Just under half were convicted at least once, the most important factors were poverty and bad parenting
Situational factors lead to development of anti social behaviour

Question 24

What is elander et al study (caused/development of antisocial behaviour)

Answer 24

To investigate childhood risk factors that can be used to guess antisocial behaviour in adulthood
Lots of twins diagnosed with childhood disorders were investigated and interviewed many years later
Children with low IQ and reading problems were more likely to be criminal and have APD
Disruptive behaviour in childhood can predict APD in childhood

Question 25

What are situational causes of APD

Answer 25

Socioeconomic factors - low family income, poor housing
Quality of life at home& poor parenting
Educational factors - low school achievement and leaving school at early age