Personality Flashcards
What is temperament
The genetic component of personality
What is Thomas chess and birchs study (temperament)
What to say whether response to the environment stays the same throughout life
133 children were studied from very young to young adult hood, their behaviour was watched and their parents were interviewed about their routine and their reactions to change
The children fell into 3 types easy difficult and slow to warm up
Ways of responding stayed the same, temperament is innate
What is buss and plomins study (temperament)
To see if temperament is innate
Monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins were studied and rated their temperament by looking at emotionality, activity and sociability
There was a closer correlation between the scores of the monozygotic twins
Temperament is innate
What is kagan and snidmans study (temperament)
To see if temperament is due to biological differences
The baby was in a seat near their caregiver for a minute then for the next three minutes the caregiver could not be seen and the baby was shown toys, their reactions were studied
some babies showed distress by crying and moving, some babies showed distress by not moving/talking The rest were between
Temperaments are innate
What is a study on personality (Eysenck)
To investigate personality differences between people
700 service men did a questionnaire, the results were analysed using factor analysis
Two dimensions of personality were found introvert extrovert and neurotic stable
Everyone can be placed along these two dimensions, most people are in the middle
What is an introvert
A personality type that describes people who are happy with their own company
What is an extrovert
A personality type that describes people who look to the outside world for entertainment
What is neurotic personality
A personality type that describes people who are highly emotional and show a quick intense reaction to fear
What is the EPI
Eysenck personality inventory
What is the EPQ
Eysenck personality questionnaire (the EPI + psychoticism
What’s the EPI (Eysenck personality inventory)
The scale used to measure extroversion introversion and neuroticism stability
What is psychoticism
A 3rd dimension identified by Eysenck. People that score high on this are aggressive and cruel
What is antisocial personality disorder
A condition in which the individual does not use socially acceptable behaviour or consider the rights of others
What are some characteristics of APD
Being careless about safety of yourself or others
Not following the laws of society
Being deceitful by lying
How old do you have to be to be diagnosed with APD
18
What is nature
Genes/ biological
What is nurture
Environment/ how are you are brought up
What part of the brain is affected if you have APD
The amygdala
Where is the amygdala located
In the middle of the brain hemispheres
What does the amygdala do
It’s a part of the brain responsible for learning from negative consequences of actions
Give a study on causes of APD (Raine et al)
To support the theory that abnormalities in the pre frontal cortex cause APD
MRI was used to study men with APD and healthy men
The APD group had a reduction in pre frontal grey matter
APD is caused by reduction in the brains grey matter
What is personality
The thoughts feelings and behaviours that make an individual unique
What is farringtons study (causes/ development of anti social behaviour)
To investigate the development of antisocial behaviour in men
A longitudinal study was done on lots of men living in a deprived inner city of London. Their parents and teachers were interviewed and they were checked for criminal records
Just under half were convicted at least once, the most important factors were poverty and bad parenting
Situational factors lead to development of anti social behaviour
What is elander et al study (caused/development of antisocial behaviour)
To investigate childhood risk factors that can be used to guess antisocial behaviour in adulthood
Lots of twins diagnosed with childhood disorders were investigated and interviewed many years later
Children with low IQ and reading problems were more likely to be criminal and have APD
Disruptive behaviour in childhood can predict APD in childhood
What are situational causes of APD
Socioeconomic factors - low family income, poor housing
Quality of life at home& poor parenting
Educational factors - low school achievement and leaving school at early age
