Non- Verbal Communication Flashcards
What is tone of voice
The way words are spoken to convey emotion
What is intonation
Inflection in the voice when speaking
What is Argyle, Alkema and Gilmours study
To see if your tone of voice has an effect when interpreting a verbal message
Groups of participants listened to nice/ mean messages spoken in the opposite tone of voice
When participants were asked to interpret messages, the tone of voice was more effective than the words
Tone of voice is essential to the interpretation of verbal messages
What is Argyles study
To see how interruption of eye contact affects conversation
Pairs of participants were watched having a convo. In half of the convos one of the pair was wearing dark glasses
When they wore dark glasses, there were more pauses
Eye contact is important in keeping conversation running
What is paralinguistics
Vocal features that accompany speech
What’s a study on pupil dilation
To see the effect of pupil dilation on your emotions
Participants were shown t2 nearly identical pics of a girl but one had dilated pupils, they were asked what they preferred
Most participants said the picture with the bigger pupils was more attractive but didn’t know why
Pupil dilation has a powerful but unconscious effect on emotion
What is Sackeims study
Look at the relationship between facial expressions and the hemispheres of the brain
Pics of people’s faces with different emotions were cut in half, new pics were made with each face mirrored, they were shown them and asked what they preferred
Most said they preferred the left half face because it looked Warmer
The left side of the face expresses more emotion than the right side
What’s a study on postural echo
To see the effect of postural echo when having a conversation
A confederate approached individuals in a social a setting and had convos with them. In half meetings confederate echoed the posture. After an experimenter approached them and asked what they thought of the confederate
When postural echo was used the people questioned liked the confederate and said they got on well
Postural echo gives an unconscious message of friendliness
What’s a study for open and closed posture
To see the affect of open and closed posture when having a conversation
A confederate approached individuals in a social setting and had conversations with them in half the conversations the confederate had an open posture and the other half had a closed posture after and experimenter approached them and asked what they thought of the confederate
When showing an open posture he was seen as friendly and when a closed posture was done he was seen as unfriendly
Posture that someone adopts will make a difference to how much they are liked
A study on effect of gestures
To see the effects of gestures used by waiters on the tips from customers
While taking orders from seated customers waiters stood up straight or squatted down making more Eye contact
When the waiter squatted down larger tips were received
The gesture of squatting down near seated customer to take an order will have a good effect on Tips
What’s a study on touch
To see the effect of touch on people’s attitudes
Students in a library were handed books by the librarian, half of them were briefly touched when the book was handed to them
When questioned later the students that were touched had a better attitude towards the librarian, they weren’t aware they had been touched
Touch will have an unconscious but positive affect on attitudes
What’s a study for personal space (age)
To see if age has an affect on personal space
800 people were observed in different social settings
People he observed tended to stand closer to people their own age and further away from people a lot older/ younger than them
Age difference affects how closely people stand to one another
What’s a study on personal space (culture)
To see if there are cultural differences in the use of personal space
White English people and Arab people were watched having conversations
English people had a further comfortable conversation distance than the Arabs
The use of personal space in normal conversation varies with culture
