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Intro to Pysch > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

According to Kunkel, refers to the long standing trails and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, and behave in specific ways; our personalities are thought to be long-term, stable, and not easily changed

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2
Q

Idiographic View

A

assumes that each person has a unique psychological structure and that some traits are possessed by only one person; and that there are times when it is impossible to compare one person with other. It tends to use case studies for information gathering

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3
Q

Nomothetic View

A

emphasizes comparability among individuals. This viewpoint sees traits as having the same psychological meaning in everyone

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4
Q

Type A

A

self driven, competitive

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5
Q

Type B

A

charismatic; easy-going

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6
Q

Type C

A

introverts; stress-pone

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7
Q

Type D

A

love routine; follow orders

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8
Q

Who studied personality first?

A

Hippocrates; personality has been studied for over 2000 years

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9
Q

What are the four fluids or “humors” of the body?

A

choleric temperament; melancholic temperament; sanguine temperament; phlegmatic temperament

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10
Q

Choleric Temperament

A

yellow bile from the liver

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11
Q

Melancholic Temperament

A

black bile from the kidneys

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12
Q

Sanguine Temperament

A

red blood from the heart

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13
Q

Phlegmatic Temperament

A

white phlegm from the lung

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14
Q

Alfred Alder

A

first major theorist to break away from Freud; founded school of psychology called individual psychology which focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority; he proposed the concept of the inferiority complex

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15
Q

Inferiority Complex

A

refers to a person’s feelings that they lack worth and do not measure up to the standards of others or of society; Alder believed that feelings of inferiority in childhood are what drive people to attempt to gain superiority and that this striving is the force behind all of our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

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16
Q

What are the fundamental social tasks that Alder said we all must experience?

A

occupation tasks (careers), societal tasks (friendship), and love tasks (finding an intimate partner for a long term relationship)

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17
Q

What was one of ALder’s major contributions to personality psychology?

A

the idea that our birth order shapes our personality

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18
Q

Erik Erikson

A

proposed a psychosocial theory of development, suggesting that an individuals personality develops throughout their lifespan (against freud); Erikson emphasized the social relationships that are important at each stage of personality development; said that there are eight stages and must successfully complete each task

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19
Q

Carl Jung

A

broke away from Freud, but still believed in the unconscious but thought it to be incomplete; focused on the collective unconscious; proposed two attitudes or approaches towards life: extroversion and introversion; also proposed the persona

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20
Q

Collective Unconscious

A

a universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or memory traces, which are common to all of us; these ancestral memories (which Jung called archetypes) are represented by universal themes in various cultures, as expressed throughout literature, art, and dreams. Jung said these themes reflect common experiences of people all over the world face such as facing death, becoming independent, and striving for mastery

21
Q

Extrovert

A

you are a person who is energized by being outgoing and socially oriented: you derive your energy from being around others

22
Q

Introvert

A

you are a person who may be quiet and reserved, or you may be social, but your energy is derived from your inner psychic activity

23
Q

Persona

A

a mask that we adopt; according to Jung we consciously create this person; however it is derived from both our conscious experiences and our collective unconscious; Jung believed that it is a compromise between who we really are (our true self) and what society expects us to be; we hide parts of ourselves that are not aligned with society’s expectations

24
Q

The Behavioral Perspective of Personality

A

behaviorists do not believe in biological determinism: they do not see personality traits as inborn; instead they view personality as significantly shaped by reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism; Skinner believed that environment was solely responsible for all behavior, including the enduring, consistent behavior patterns studied by personality theorists

25
Q

The Social-Cognitive Perspective to Personality

A

Bandura agreed with Skinner that personality develops through learning, however he disagreed with Skinner’s strict behaviorist approach. Bandura believed that thinking and reasoning are important components of learning; he presented a social-cognitive theory of personality that emphasizes both learning and cognition as sources of individual differences in personality; reciprocal determinism, observational learning, and self-efficacy are part of it

26
Q

The Humanistic Perspective to Personality

A

third force of psychology; focuses on how healthy people develop; Maslow hierarchy of needs; highest need is self actualization; one of Carl Rogers main ideas about personality regards self concept

27
Q

Self Concept

A

our thoughts and feels about ourselves

28
Q

Biological Approaches to Personality

A

believe that inherited predispositions as well as physiological processes can be used to explain differences in our personalities; implication is that some of our aspects of personality are largely controlled by genetics but not determined by a single gene; Raymond Cattell’s Trait Theory (OCEAN); Hans and Sybil Eysenck focused on temperament believed people had two specific personality dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability

29
Q

What is one of the most important environment factors that shape your personality?

A

culture

30
Q

Culture

A

refers to all of the beliefs, customs, art, and traditions of a particular society

31
Q

African Worldview

A

an African’s existential reality is one of collective being, they seek to understand the world through their intersection with all aspects of the world and other people

32
Q

What is at the center of African worldview?

A

spirit or life itself, a vital force and animation of the universe; it imparts feeling to all things from God down to the smallest grain of sand

33
Q

Hierarchy of African Worldview

A

Supreme God then Spirits then Earth and then the Underworld

34
Q

What is the basic unit for Africans?

A

the tribe, not the individual; the tribe seeks collective survival, cooperation is valued over competition and individualism; an act of aggression towards other is considered an act of aggression against oneself

35
Q

Marriage in African Culture

A

marriage is a unifying link in the rhythm of life: past, present, and future generations are all represented; having children is an obligation therefore a marriage is not considered complete until children have been born

36
Q

Dr. Na’im Akbar’s Divine or Spiritual Core Model

A

the core of African American personality is divine substance it is defined by and reflects nature/natural order; Akbar proposes that the energy system of Black personality is rhythm; the drive for Black personality is to reaffirm oneness with nature

37
Q

Divine Substance

A

spiritual substance having universal origin

38
Q

Rhythm

A

is flow; the natural and unrestricted free flowing energy, and flow is interconnecting; it is the natural binding function of energy/spirit

39
Q

According to Akbar, what must be done to keep African consciousness mentally alive and viable?

A

must be maintained and reinforced through creation and operations; for example: religious celebration, rituals, memorials, museums, books, etc will help to prevent the distortions of Western philosophy

40
Q

What position does Dr. Kobi take?

A

that the uniting into holistic synthesis is the deriving energy of African American Personality

41
Q

What are the three major construct’s of Kambon’s Model

A

African Self-Extension Orientation (ASEO), African Self Consciousness (ASC), and Cultural Misorientation (CM)

42
Q

African Self Extension Orientation (ASEO)

A

refers to the deeply rooted unconscious, genetically based African Spirituality; reflects a continual, unending urge/striving for collective-communal expression of African cosmic (spiritual) wholeness or unity; it is the core of personality that is inherited in the bio-genetic condition of being born African American

43
Q

African Self Consciousness

A

represents the conscious expression of African spirituality (ASEO) that affirms African life, survival and self determination

44
Q

What are the four components of ASC (African Self Consciousness)

A

a collective African identity; prioritizing African racial cultural survival; advocacy for and active participation in the creation and perpetuation of African centered institutions and practices; a resolute posture of defense against anti-African forces in ones thought, attitudes and behaviors or in other individuals, groups or institutions

45
Q

Cultural Misorientation

A

CM refers to the intense pervasive and prolonged condition of forced (imposed) cultural indoctrination by European Americans; focuses on the psychological orientation of all African diaspora descendants, reflecting the European survival thrust and emphasizing a materialistic, individualistic, alien and anti self destructive, and racial integration orientation in one’s thoughts, attitude, and behaviors from European cultural oppression

46
Q

Western Society/Culture

A

such as the U.S., the individual not only has the freedom to seek purely personal achievement it is expected of them

47
Q

Eastern Society/Culture

A

such as China, individuals are expected to subordinate their own desires and ambitions for the good of the family and their community

48
Q

African Society/Culture

A

middle ground; there is significant individual freedom, but individuals are expected to serve their family and community; as a result the individual also benefits from the overall success of the family and community

Intro to Pysch (9 decks)

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