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Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main ways to measure personality

A 
Rating scale
Interviews
Self report
Observation
Questionnaires
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2
Q

What does the Thematic Apperception Test aim to uncover

A 
Repressed aspects of personality
Intimacy
Motives and needs for achievement
Power
Problem solving abilities
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3
Q

What is important in the story’s brought up in the Thematic Apperception Test

A

what led up the event
what is happening at the moment
what characters are feeling and thinking
the outcome of the story

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4
Q

What is the Thematic Apperception test

A

Henry Murray (1930’s)
picture interpretation technique
shown ambiguous pictures and asked to create a story for the picture
is scored on the basis of the content of the story, and the way it is told
psychologists assume story will reveal conflicts/themes important to them, underlie the persons personality

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5
Q

What do the inkblot test measure

A

Aggressive and sexual impulses
If you see a lot of mirrors, may indicate that you are self centred
VERY SUBJECTIVE INTERPRETATIONS OF ANSWERS

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6
Q

How is the inkblot test conducted

A

person is shown card with inkblot and asked what they think of it
response to cards are interpreted by:
- Location (what part of the blot determined the response)
- Influences (whether the client is responding to shape, colour, texture etc)
- Content (what the client sees in the blot)

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7
Q

Who made the inkblot test

A

Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach (1921)

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8
Q

What is a projective test

A

Have no clearly defined answers
Open-ended format
Present ambiguous stimuli, ask test taker to interpret it (description or story about it)
eg inkblot test

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9
Q

What was the work of Cattell 1946

A

Added source traits
Used factor analysis
Developed the 16 personality factors scale

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10
Q

What are the tiers of traits and responses

A

Supertrait –> Trait –> Habitual response –> Specific responses

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11
Q

What is the idiographic approach

A

No general traits are possible because of chance, freewill and uniqueness
Gordan Allport - personal characteristics

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12
Q

What is the Nomothetic Approach

A

Study of personality in terms of traits or dimensions common to everyone
(Eysenck, Cattell)

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13
Q

What are the 16 personality factors (Cattell)

A

Abstractedness, Apprehension, Dominance, Emotional Stability, Liveliness, Openness to change, Perfectionism, Privateness, Reasoning, Rule-consciousness, Self-reliance, Sensitivity, Social boldness, Tension, Vigilance, Warmth
SHOULD REMEMBER ATLEAST 3

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14
Q

What are the big five

A 
Lewis Goldberg whittled down the 16 factors to 5, which was then expanded on by McCrae and Costa 1987:
 - extroversion
 - agreeableness
 - conscientiousness
 - neuroticism
 - openness
(OCEAN)
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15
Q

What are some tests to measure personality traits

A

Eysenck personality questionnaire
Sixteen personality factors
McCrae and Costa (1992) five factor model

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16
Q

Describe Psychoticism and Impulse control

A

Psychoticism - aggressive, egocentric, impulsive and antisocial
Impulse control - empathetic, control of impulses

17
Q

Describe Neuroticism and Emotional stability

A

Neuroticism - emotional instability, low self-esteem, guilty, tense, moody,
Emotional stability - confident, high self esteem, emotionally stable

18
Q

Describe Extraversion and Introversion

A

Extraversion - tendency to be social, active and willing to take risks
Introversion - social inhibition, seriousness and caution

19
Q

What are supertraits

A

Eyseneck - The three main traits that exist on a continuum:

Extroversion-Introversion, Neuroticism-Emotional stability, Psychoticism-Impulse control

20
Q

What were Eysencks 3 main personality dimensions

A

Extraversion-introversion
emotional stability-neuroticism
psychoticism-impulse control (added later)

21
Q

How did Eysenck (1953) believe traits were formed

A

Formed from genetic inheritance

22
Q

Define source traits

A

Allport - Our underlying personality traits

23
Q

What is proprium

A

Allport - Behaviours and characteristics that people regard as central in their lives, who we are and how we identify as ourself
Essential, nature of ourselves

24
Q

Define personality

A

The characteristic ways of thinking, feeling and acting that make a person an individual and are relatively stable over time

25
Q

Define traits

A

Emotional, cognitive and behavioural tendencies that constitute underlying personality dimensions on which individuals vary (Burton, Westen & Kowalski, 2009).

26
Q

What is the role of trait theories

A

To explain behaviours in terms of a system of traits

27
Q

What is the difference between personality traits and personality types

A

Types - different categories

Traits - aspects of personality on a continuum

28
Q

Describes Allports work

A
  • developed trait approach
  • defined personality
  • believed personality was an individual difference
29
Q

How does Allport define personality

A

“the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behaviour and thought.”

30
Q

What are the common traits

A

Extraversion (sociable, talkative), introversion (anxious, thoughtful), competitiveness (rivalry, desire to win), liberalism (open-mindedness)

31
Q

What are cardinal traits

A

The basic building blocks for personality development, traits that very few of us have

32
Q

Define central trait

A

Our core traits, although not dominant they are inherent in most people, core foundation for personality and behaviours, we have 5 to 7 of these

33
Q

Define secondary traits

A

Private traits, only revealed in confidence or under certain conditions

Psychology (10 decks)

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