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Biological Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the roles of the hemispheres

A

Left - verbal functions, speaking, reading, writing, understanding language, reasoning, interpreting info
Right - non-verbal functions, spatial tasks, drawing, doing puzzles, recognizing faces and drawing maps

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2
Q

What are the structures of the old brain

A 
Thalamus
Medulla
Reticular formation
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Pons
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3
Q

Nervous system structure

A

CNS - spinal cord and brain
PNS - somatic and autonomic
Somatic- sensory and motor
Autonomic - Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

The main role of the Peripheral Nervous system (PNS) and an example?

A

Main job: sends sensory info to the brain and acts on motor impulse from CNS
E.g. Hand in shower - sensory info in skin - message to PNS to spinal cord to brain - “turn on cold” to spine - to hand (motor impulse)
2 sections: Somatic and Autonomic

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5
Q

Somatic nervous system - part of PNS

A

Main job:

  1. Sensory - transmit sensory info to spine (input)
  2. Motor - control voluntary muscles by receiving motor message from CNS and transporting to body region (output)
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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous system - Part of PNS

A

Main job - control involuntary internal activities
- Nerves connected to CNS and involuntary muscle that control internal gland e.g. heart rate, digestion and sweat
Operates outside brain
Dominates during time of high emotions
2 types: Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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7
Q

Sympathetic - Part of Autonomic system

A
  1. Release fat/sugar into blood for extra energy
    Effect: heart rate increase, blood flow increase to muscle and skin, pupils dilate and stops digestion and bladder
    Adrenaline - First hormone and fight or flight mode
    Noradrenaline - Stays longer in body and increases blood to muscle and effect amygdala
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8
Q

Parasympathetic - Part of autonomic system

A

Main job: calm us down after high emotion/danger
Returns body to normal modes and maintain homeostasis
Takes longer than sympathetic

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9
Q

Forebrain

A 
Hypothalamus 
Thalamus 
Cerebrum 
- Processes sensory info 
- reasoning and problem solving ]regulate autonomic 
- regulate hormones 
- regulate motor function 
Most complex and developed part of brain
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10
Q

What is the role of the Thalamus

A

Sensory info eg hearing seeing

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11
Q

What is the amygdala

A

two almond shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system
linked to emotion and fear

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Helps govern autonomic and hormones (eating drinking and body temperature)
helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
linked to emotion

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13
Q

Cerebrum

A 
Two hemispheres and corpus collasumn between them 
Largest and most developed part 
Outer layer consists of cerebral cortex 
High cognitive function 
Voluntary movement
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14
Q

Midbrain

A 
Regulate movement (motor)
Process auditory and visual sensory info 
Reticular structure - on top of brain stem
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15
Q

Reticular formation

A

Arousal of the brain
Maintaining consciousness and attention
Functions in sleep and arousal from sleep

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16
Q

Hindbrain

A
  • Involuntary vital functions
  • Relay sensory info
  • Coordinate movement
  • Maintain homeostasis
    Brainstem
    Cerebellum
    Pons
    Medulla
17
Q

Medulla

A

Heart rate and breathing

Connects brain to spinal cord

18
Q

Brain stem

A

Where spinal cord swells, involuntary vital function

19
Q

What is the limbic system

A

Acts as a bridge from old brain to complex areas
Hypothalamus - body temp, hunger, helps govern endocrine system
Amygdala - memory consolidation and emotion
Hippocampus - central to learning and memory

20
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary movement and balance

21
Q

Four lobes of cerebrum

A

Frontal lobe: planning, decision making damage: personality change
Parietal lobe: sensory damage: bodily senses
Temporal lobe: Auditory damage: language
Occipital lobe: vision damadge: vision

22
Q

Neuron types

A

Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Interneuron

23
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Detect/respond to sound, light and pressure

24
Q

Motor neuron

A

carry the motor message and relevant info to from CNS to body and to relevant body organ

25
Q

Interneuron

A

Involunatary reflex
Don’t communicate with brain
Activate when sensory neuron directly communicate with motor neuron with intense sensation
E.g. hand away from hot flame

26
Q

Neuron structure types

A

Unipolar - sensory neuron only
Multipolar - 1 axon multiple dendrite all in CNS
Bipolar - retina and inner ear

27
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemicals affect way messages are passed from neurons

  • carry messages across synapses between neurons to receptor site
  • excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed = reuptake
  • excess = mood boost
28
Q

Types of neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine - pleasure and released by brain reward center (inhibit)
serotonin - mood, appetite, and sensory perception (inhibit)
GABA - major neurotransmitter in brain

29
Q

Drugs and neurotransmitters

A

Meth: Dopamine increase in synaptic gap, more happy BAD: crash after dopamine levels drop and dopamine axons die
Nicotine: Dopamine increase
Alcohol: Serotonin and GABA increase (inhibit neuron and hyperpolarises it) diminish neuron activity = sedative

30
Q

What is corpus collasumn

A

Large bundle of nerve fibres that allows communication between hemispheres

31
Q

Left Hemispshere

A

Controls voluntary movement in right side of body
Receives sensory info from right side
Verbal and analytical functions
Comprehension of language

31
Q

Left brain

A 
Controls voluntary movement in right side of body 
Receives sensory info from right side 
Verbal and analytical functions 
- Speaking 
Writing
32
Q

Right hemisphere

A 
Controls left side of body 
Receives sensory info from left side of body
Damadge might not understand jokes or sarcasm 
Non verbal function 
- Spatial tasks
- Patterns 
- Recognising faces 
- Detecting emotions
33
Q

Language processing: Broca’s area

A

Is the left frontal lobe

If damaged person may not be able to produce clear and articulate speech

34
Q

Language processing: Werincke area

A

Primary auditory cortex

If damaged cant create comprehend language and form meaningful sentences

35
Q

Langauge processing: Geshwind’s territory

A

Assist Wernicke to comprehend spoken or written language to integrate different properties of a word

Psychology (10 decks)

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