Personal Trainer Practice Exam Flashcards by Brea Glickman

Which of the following exercise modes allows buoyancy to reduce the potential for musculoskletal injury?

a. cycling
b. walking
c. skiing
d. water exercise

d. water exercise

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In which stage of motivational readiness is a person who is an irregular exerciser?

a. precontemplation
b. contemplation
c. preparation
d. action

c. preparation

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Which of the following meds is designed to modify blood cholesterol levels?

a. nitrates
b. beta-blockers
c. antihyperlipidemics
d. aspirin

c. antihyperlipidemics

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Which of the following represents more than 90% of the fat stored in the body and is composed of a glycerol molecule connected to 3 fatty acids?

a. phospholipids
b. cholesterol
c. triglycerides
d. free fatty acids

c. triglycerides

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Limited flexibility of which of the following muscle groups increases the risk of low back pain?

a. quads
b. hams
c. hip flexors
d. glutes

b. hamstrings

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Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, sodium, and cloride are examples of ______.

a. macrominerals
b. microminerals
c. proteins
d. vitamins

a. macrominerals

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Which of the following terms represents an imaginary horizontal plane passing through the midsection of the body and dividing it into upper and lower portions?

a. sagittal
b. frontal
c. transverse
d. superior

c. transverse

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A personal trainer fails to spot a client performing heavy incline dumbbell presses, and the client injures himself when the dumbbell is dropped on his face. Which of the following identifies the appropriate type of negligence displayed in this scenario?

a. admission
b. commission
c. omission
d. legal

c. omission

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The preparticipation health screening process is based upon ____.

a. how long the client has been physically active; presence of signs or symptoms and/or known metabolic, renal, or cardiovascular disease; and exercise intensity at which individual desires to exercise
b. individual’s current physical activity level; presence of signs or symptoms and/or known metabolic, renal, or CV disease; and exercise intensity at which individual desires to exercise
c. how long the client has been exercising, number of CV disease risk factors, and how long the individual has been physically active
d. the current level of physical activity the individual is engaging in; how long client has been physically active; and presence of signs or symptoms and/or known metabolic, renal, or CV disease

b. individual’s current physical activity level; presence of signs or symptoms and/or known metabolic, renal, or CV disease; and exercise intensity at which individual desires to exercise

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Which of the following stages defines people having the greatest risk of relapse?

a. precontemplation
b. contemplation
c. preparation
d. action

d. action

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Uncoordinated gait, headache, dizziness, vomiting, and elevated body temp are signs and symptoms of ______.

a. acute exposure to the cold
b. hypothermia
c. heat exhaustion and heat stroke
d. acute altitude sickness

c. heat exhaustion and heat stroke

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The informed consent doc provides all of the following except ______.

a. the opportunity to choose to withdraw involvement at any point
b. protection of personal trainer against lawsuits of negligence
c. info regarding risks and benefits of participation
d. the opportunity for potential client to ask questions

b. protection of personal trainer against lawsuits of negligence

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Which of the following are part of the initial client consultation?

a. discussion of current health status and health history and/or PAR-Q+
b. health and fitness assessments
c. informed consent document
d. all of the above

d. all of the above

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You are conducting an initial client consultation. Your potential client has walked 1 h/day, 6 d/wk for the previous 10 yrs. She informs you that 3 times over the previous 6 mo she has been becoming dizzy during her walks and had one episode of syncope during a walk. She has not spoken with her physician about these episodes and attributes them to her not having eaten enough prior to her exercise bout. As her personal trainer, what would be the most prudent course of action?

a. explain the potential causes of dizziness before, during, and after exercise and continue with the consultation
b. tell her it is nothing to be worried about but to mention it to her physician at her next appointment
c. tell her to discontinue all exercise and make an appointment with her physician for medical clearance
d. tell her to slow her walking pace and be sure to drink enough fluids

c. tell her to discontinue all exercise and make an appointment with her physician for medical clearance

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How may calories are contained in a food bar that contains 5 g of fat, 30 g of carbs including 4 g of fiber, and 3 g of protein?

a. 161 kcal
b.168 kcal
c. 177 kcal
d. 193 kcal

a. 161 kcal

1 g of carb&protein=4cal; 1 g of fat=9cal; minus 4 from carbs for fiber

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Verbal encouragement, material incentives, self-praise, and use of specific contingency contracts are examples of ____.

a. shaping
b. reinforcement
c. antecedent control
d. setting goals

b. reinforcement

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Which physiologic response(s) would be expected to occur under conditions of high ambient temperatures?

a. decreased max oxygen uptake
b. decreased heart rate at rest
c. increase HR at submax workload
d. decreased max HR

c. increase HR at submax workload

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Regular exercise will result in what chronic adaptation in cardiac output (C) during exercise at the same workload?

a. increase
b. decrease
c. no change
d. increase during dynamic exercise only

c. no change

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Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, producing bone porosity and fragility?

a. osteoarthritis
b. osteomyelitis
c. epiphyseal osteomyelitis
d. osteoporosis

d. osteoporosis

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Studies designed to measure the success of a program based on some quantifiable data that can be analyzed examine ______.

a. incomes
b. outcomes
c. client progress notes
d. attendance records

b. outcomes

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When using the original Borg scale (6-20) for the general public, exercise intensity should be maintained between ____.

a. 7 and 10
b. 12 and 16
c. 17 and 18
d. 19 and 20

b. 12 and 16

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Rotation of the anterior surface of a bone toward the midline of the body is called ____.

a. medial rotation
b. lateral rotation
c. supination
d. pronation

a. medial rotation

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Your new client is 6 ft tall and weighs 275 lbs. What is his BMI classification?

a. 37.3 kg/m2; class 1 obesity
b. 40.0 kg/m2; class 3 obesity
c. 40 kg/m2; class 2 obesity
d. 37.3 kg/m2 class 2 obesity

d. 37.3 kg/m2; class 2 obesity

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During the preparticipation screening process, you learn that your new client has previously had a stent and also has diabetes. You also learn that he has been regularly physcally active for the previous 2 yrs, are asymptomatic, and complaint with meds use as prescribed by his physician. Your client would like to engage in vigorous-intensity exercise. How do you advise your new client?

a. advise the knew client to halt all exercise and seek medical clearance before resuming activity
b. advise the new client to begin virorous intensity exercise without medical clearance
c. advise the new client to pursue medical clearance, and once obtained, your client may then begin adding in bouts of vigorous-intensity exercise
d. advise the new client not to engage in vigorous-intensity for safety

c. advise the new client to pursue medical clearance, and once obtained, your client may then begin adding in bouts of vigorous-intensity exercise

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A new client is sedentary, has no known disease, but does possess signs and symptoms that suggest presence of CV, metabolic, or reanal disease. Is medical clearance recommended prior to beginning any intensity of exercise? a. medical clearance is recommended for moderate to vigorous but not light intensity exercise b. medical clearance is recommended prior to beginning any intensity exercise c. medical clearance is recommended for vigorous intensity exercise only d. medical clearance is not necessary

b. medical clearance is recommended prior to beginning any intensity exercise

Which of the following water soluble vitamins must be consumed on a daily basis? a. vitamins A and C b. Vitamins A, D, E, and K c. Vitamins B complex and C d. Vitamins A, B complex, D, and K

c. Vitamins B complex and C

You have a new client, a 47 yr old male who is a current smoker. He would like to quit smoking and adopt a more active lifestyle. He is currently not regularly exercising, has a BP of 136/88 mm Hg, total cholesterol of 182 mg/dL, waist circumference of 38 in, fasting plasma glucose of 92 mg/dL, and no known family history of CVD. How many positive risk factors for CVD does he have? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

b. 3

What is angina pectoris? a. discomfort associated with myocardial ischemia b. discomfort associated with hypertension c. discomfort associated with heartburn d. discomfort associated with papillary necrosis

a. discomfort associated with myocardial ischemia

Which of the following BP readings would be considered prehypertensive for an adult? a. 126/80 mmHg b. 118/78 mmHg c. 144/94 mmHg d. 156/92 mmHg

a. 126/80 mmHg

According to the Adult Treatment Panel 3 (ATP 3), which of the following would be considered an optimal level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)? a. 130 mg/dL b. 105 mg/dL c. 95 mg/dL d. 120 mg/dL

c. 95 mg/dL

Which of the following is an appropriate method of monitoring exercise intensity for a pregnant client? a. RPE b. Target VO2max c. %HRmax d. % of HRR

a. RPE

Which of the following is a warning sign to terminate exercise during pregnancy? a. increased fetal movement b. dyspnea prior to exertion c. dizziness d. both b and c

d. both b and c

When exercise training children, _____. a. exercise programs should increase physical fitness in the short term and strength and power in the long term b. strength training should be avoided for safety reasons c. increasing the rate of training intensity more than approx. 10% per week increases the likelihood of overuse injuries of bone d. children with exercise-induced asthma are often unable to lead active lives

c. increasing the rate of training intensity more than approx. 10% per week increases the likelihood of overuse injuries of bone

Which of the following appropriately defines SMART goals? a. specialized, meticulous, accurate, reasonable, time-oriented b. specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time oriented c. specialized, meticulous, achievable, realistic, time oriented d. specific, measurable, assessable, reasonable, time oriented

b. specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time oriented

A client is using a pedometer to measure the amount of steps taken each day and then writes it in a daily journal. This would be an example of ___. a. goal setting b. self monitoring c. problem solving d. goal measuring

b. self monitoring

Which of the following components of the exercise prescription (Ex Rx) work inversely with each other? a. intensity and duration b. mode and intensity c. mode and duration d. mode and frequency

a. intensity and duration

Which of the following types of muscle stretching can cause residual muscle soreness, is time consuming, and typically requires a partner? a. static b. ballistic c. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) d. all of the above

c. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)

Failure of a CPT to perform in a generally acceptable standard is called ___. a. malpractice b. malfeasance c. negligence d. none of the above

c. negligence

Which of the following statements is not true about synovial joints? a. the joint cavity is enclosed by the joint capsule b. they are the most common type of joint found in the human body c. a synovial membrane lines the joint cavity d. they are the least common type of joint found in the human body

d. they are the least common type of joint found in the human body

Which is an example of a social barrier? a. a single parent with no child care b. a friend encouraging you to skip your afternoon walk to have dinner with them instead c. family members discouraging you to join a gym d. all of the above

d. all of the above

feeling good about being able to perform an activity or skill is an example of an ____. a. extrinsic reward b. intrinsic reward c. external stimulus d. internal stimulus

b. intrinsic reward

An important safety consideration for exercise equipment in a fitness center includes ____. a. flexibility of equipment to allow for different body sizes b. ability of equipment to restrict ROM c. affordability of equipment to allow for changing out equipment periodically d. mobility of equipment to allow for easy rearrangement

a. flexibility of equipment to allow for different body sizes

The social cognitive theory (SCT) posits which of the following as the most important factor relating to behavior change? a. perception of risk of untoward health outcomes b. self-efficacy and expectation of outcome related to behavior changes c. belief that behavior change is worth the improvement in health d. none of the above

b. self-efficacy and expectation of outcome related to behavior changes

A method of strength and power training that involves an eccentric loading of muscles and tendons followed immediately by an explosive concentric contraction is called ____. a. plyometrics b. periodization c. supersets d. isotonic reversals

a. plyometrics

Which of the following personnel is responsible for program design as well as implementation of that program? a. administrative assistant b. personal trainer c. manager or director d. health and fitness specialist

c. manager or director

What is the purpose of agreements, releases, and consent forms? a. to inform the client of participation risks as well as the rights of the client and the facility b. to inform the client what he or she can and nannot do in the facility c. to define the relationship between the facility operator and the personal trainer d. body comp, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular fitness

a. to inform the client of participation risks as well as the rights of the client and the facility

After 30 yrs of age, skeetal muscle strength begins to decline primarily because of which of the following? a. a gain in fat tissue b. a gain in lean tissue c. a loss of muscle mass caused by a loss of muscle fibers d. myogenic precursor cell inhibition

c. a loss of muscle mass caused by a loss of muscle fibers

The health belief model assums that people will engage in a behavior, such as exercise, when _____. a. there is a perceived threat of disease b. external motivation is provided c. optimal environmental conditions are met d. internal motivation outweighs external circumstances

a. there is a perceived threat of disease

The informed consent document ___. a. is a legal document b. provides immunity from prosecution c. provides an explanation of the test to the client d. legally protects the rights of the client

c. provides an explanation of the test to the client

A measure of muscular endurance is ____. a. one rep max b. 3 rep max c. number of curl ups in 1 min d. number of curl ups in 3 min

c. number of curl ups in 1 min

If a client exercises too much without rest days or develops a minor injury and does not allow time for the injury to heal, what can occur? a. an overuse injury b. shin splints c. sleep deprivation d. decreased physical conditioning

a. an overuse injury

Which of the following is not a sign of exertional heat stroke? a. hypoventilation b. hyperventilation c. disorientation d. vomiting

a. hypoventilation

Which of the following is an absolute aerobic exercise contraindication during pregnancy? a. preeclampsia b. restrictive lung disease c. persistent third trimester bleeding d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following is a change seen as a result of regular chronic exercise? a. decrease HR at rest b. increased stroke volume at rest c. no change in CO at rest d. all of the above

d. all of the above

A client has expressed to you that she has set a goal of wearing a particular dress size in time for the wedding of her son. This is an example of ____. a. initrinsic motivation b. self-efficacy c. extrinsic motivation d. self-worth

c. extrinsic motivation

Which of the following is an example of a biological barrier to exercise? a. obesity b. pregnancy c. disease d. injury

b. pregnancy

Print brochures, video brochures, and web sites are all examples of ____. a. strategic alliances b. reputation management c. promotional materials d. community involvement

c. promotional materials

Which of the following is the first step in constructing a business plan? a. determine sales goals b. conduct a comprehensive demographic analysis c. establish a budget d. evaluate the competition

b. conduct a comprehensive demographic analysis

You are a personal trainer providing your services to various health clubs in your region. Although you set your own fees, the percentage of those fees you receive is determined by the health clubs with which you work. What type of business model does this represent? a. sole proprietorship b. s corp c. partnership d. independent contractor

d. indpendent contractor

All of the following are major agonist muscles involved in knee flexion except _____. a. gracilis b. gastrocnemius c. soleus d. popliteus

c. soleus

Nodding your head, clarifying what your client has told you, and making eye contact are all examples of _____. a. rapport development b. active listening c. appreciative inquiry d. motivational interviewing

b. active listening

Which of the following is not an example of social support? a. encouragement from a friend to join their walking group b. a family member requesting to join you on your daily walks c. spouses synchronizing schedules so they can attend the same group fitness class d. a friend inquiring why you have not been in exercise class lately

d. a friend inquiring why you have not been in exercise class lately

In commercial settings, clients should be extensively screened for potential health risks. The info solicited should include which of the following? a. personal medical history b. present medical status c. medication d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following is an appropriate measure to take in an effort to counteract dehydration? a. drink excessive amounts of water prior to exercise, even if euhydrated b. consume a low sodium meal prior to and post exercise bout c. take snack breaks during longer training sessions d. consume a high protein meal prior to exercise bout

c. take snack breaks during longer training sessions

What is the planning tool that addresses the organization's short-and long-term goals; identifies the steps needed to achieve the goals; and gives the time line, priority, and allocation of resources to each goal? a. financial plan b. strategic plan c. risk management plan d. marketing plan

b. strategic plan

After 6 mo of personal training and coaching sessions, your client expresses to you that she believes she can now implement what you have taught her and exercise on her own. This is an example of enhanced _____. a. self-worth b. self-esteem c. self-regulation d. self-efficacy

d. self-efficacy

Which of the following marketing strategies is the most costly and generates the lowest return on investment? a. lead boxes b. direct mail c. reputation management d. television advertising

d. television advertising

Which of the following is considered an abnormal curve of the spine with lateral deviation of the vertebral column in the frontal plane? a. lordosis b. scoliosis c. kyphosis d. primary curve

b. scoliosis

Which of the following is not true regarding HIPPAA? a. the patient must provide written authorization prior to disclosure or use of info by a third party b. it assures the individual will have access to his or her own personal health info c. copies of the HIPAA privacy rule do not need to be provided to the individual d. it provides protection of privacy of one's personal health care info

c. copies of the HIPAA privacy rule do not need to be provided to the individual

Which of the following BMI values would classify an individual as class 1 obesity? a. 29.9 kg/m2 b. 35.0 kg/m2 c. 32.5 kg/m2 d. 36 kg/m2

c. 32.5 kg/m2

Which of the following is an adaptation to resistance training? a. increased capillary density b. decreased aerobic enzyme activity c. increased lactate removal d. both a and c

d. both a and c

Specifically, muscle shortening under a load is a type of muscle action referred to as _____. a. concentric action b. isometric action c. eccentric action d. dynamic action

a. concentric action

Why is it important for an individual to perform a cool-down folllowing an exercise bout? a. in order to avoid post exercise hypotension and dizziness b. in order to avoid post exercise hypertension and dizziness c. in order to decrease HR and metabolic end products d. both a and c

d. both a and c

Which of the following conditions refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass typically observed with aging? a. osteopenia b. osteoporosis c. sarcopenia d. rheumatoid arthritis

c. sarcopenia

Adults age physiologically at individual rates. Therefore, adults of any specified age will vary widely in their physiologic responses to exercise testing. Special considerations should be given to the older adult when giving a fitness test because ________. a. age may be accompanied by deconditioning and disease b. age automatically predisposes the older adult to clinical depression and neurologic diseases c. the older adult cannot be physically stressed beyond 75% of age-adjusted max HR d. the older adult is not as motivated to exercise as a younger person

a. age may be accompanied by deconditioning and disease

All of the following are rotator cuff muscles except _____. a. infraspinatus b. teres minor c. subscapularis d. trapezius

d. trapezius

Compared with running, swimming will result in _____ even if exercise intensity is the same. a. a higher HR b. a lower HR c. a lower CO d. a higher CO

b. a lower HR

Attempting to decrease sweating via clothing insulation adjustments and use of clothing vents are recommended during exercise in what type of environment? a. high-altitude environment b. cold weather environment c. dry heat environment d. wet environment

b. cold weather environment

Which condition is commonly associated with a progressive decline in bone mideral density (BMD) and calcium content in postmenopausal women? a. osteoarthritis b. osteoporosis c. arthritis d. epiphysitis

b. osteoporosis

Which of the following is a result of an older personn participating in an exercise program? a. overall improvement in the quality of life and increased independence b. no changes in the quality of life but an increase in longevity c. increase longevity but a loss of bone mass d. loss of bone mass with a concomitant increase in bone density

a. overall improvement in the quality of life and increased independence ## Footnote In

In response to regular resistance training, ____. a. older men and women demonstraite similar or even greater strength gains when compared with younger individuals. b. younger men have greater gains in strength than older men c. younger women have greater gains in strength than older women d. younger men and women demonstrate similar or greater strength gains compared with older persons

a. older men and women demonstraite similar or even greater strength gains when compared with younger individuals.

Which of the following statements about confidentiality is not correct? a. all records must be kept by the program director/manager under lock and key b. data must be available to all individuals who need to see it c. data should be kept on file for at least 1 yr before being discarded d. sensitive info needs to be protected

c. data should be kept on file for at least 1 yr before being discarded

Which of the following statements best decribes the capital budgets? a. include the costs of equipment and building or facility expense b. include the costs to operate a program c. are not necessary with fitness programs d. are included as part of the balance sheet in financial reports

a. include the costs of equipment and building or facility expense

Emergency procedures and safety planning should address which of the following? a. injury prevention b. basic principles for xercise training c. metabolic calculations d. common exercise scenarios

a. injury prevention

Which of the following examples is correct regarding approrpiate sequencing of resistance exercises? a. perform exercises for strong areas before those for weak areas b. perform least intense exercises prior to most intense exercises c. perform small muscle group exercises prior to large group exercises d. perform multijoint exercises prior to single joint exercises

d. perform multijoint exercises prior to single joint exercises

Within skeletal muscle fiber, large amounts of calcium are stored in the _____. a. nuclei b. mitochondria c. myosin d. sarcoplasmic reticulum

d. sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is not within the scope of practice of an ACSM CPT? a. determination of current level of client fitness thorugh fitness assessment and testing b. development of client Ex Rx c. aiding clients in setting realistic goals d. providing the client a written detailed dietary plan in conjunction with the Ex Rx

d. providing the client a written detailed dietary plan in conjunction with the Ex Rx

All of the following are isotonic resistance exercises except ____. a. dumbbell bicep curls b. pull ups c. box quat jumps d. the half squat wall sit

d. the half squat wall sit

Which of the following is an adaptation to aerobic conditioning? a. max HR will decrease at maximal effort exercise b. CO will increase during submax effort exercise c. lactic acid production will decrease during submax effort exercise d. all of the above

c. lactic acid production will decrease during submax effort exercise

Which of the following types of stretching involves both contraction and relaxation of a muscle group? a. dynamic stretching b. PNF c. ballistic stretching d. static stretching

b. PNF

A transient deficiency of blood flow to the myocardium resulting from an imbalance between oxygen demand and oxygen supply is known as _____. a. infarction b. angina c. ischemia d. thrombosis

c. ischemia

Special precautions for patients with hypertension include all of the following except _______. a. avoiding muscle-strengthening exercises that involve low resistance b. avoiding activities that involve the valsalva maneuver c. monitoring for arrhythmias in a person taking diuretics d. avoiding exercise if resting SBP is>200 mm Hg or DBP is >115 mm Hg

a. avoiding muscle-strengthening exercises that involve low resistance

A 62 yr old, obese factory worker complains of pain in his right shoulder on arm abduction; on evaluation, decreased ROM and strength are noted. You also notice that he is beginning to use accessory muscles to substitute movements to compensate. These symptoms may indicate _____. a. a referred pain from a herniated lumbar disk b. rotator cuff strain or impingement c. angina d. advanced stages of multiple sclerosis

b. rotator cuff strain or impingement

Which of the following is an exercise program goal for an obese individual? a. improve metabolic profile b. decrease sedentary behavior c. maximize caloric expenditure d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Older adults who have a mobility disability or are at increased risk for falls should incorporate neuromuscular exercise at least _________. a. 5 d/wk b. 1-2 d/wk c. 2-3 d/wk d. 7 d/wk

c. 2-3 d/wk

Which of the following transtheoretical model (TTM) stags of change is correctly defined? a. Action: individual has be regularly active for less than 6 mo b. Preparation: individual has been making behavior changes for less than 30 d c. Action: individual has been regularly active and making positive behavior changes for more than 6 mo d. none of the above

a. Action: individual has be regularly active for less than 6 mo

Which of the following is false about goal setting? a. goal setting can increase motivation and effort to maintain positive behavior changes b. it is an important too that can help the client adhere to and maintain newly adopted behavior change c. goal setting can help clients plan for potential barriers d. goals are most effective when the trainer selects them and the client agrees to them

d. goals are most effective when the trainer selects them and the client agrees to them

All of the following are major agonist muscles involved hip flexion except _____. a. rectus femoris b. sartorious c. iliopsoas d. quadratus lumborum

d. quadratus lumborum

A type of negligence action that involves claims brought against a defied professional is referred to as _____. a. risk management b. liability c. malpractice d. assumption of risk

c. malpractice

What does the acronym HIPAA stand for? a. Health Insurance Privacy and Accountability Association b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act c. Health Insurance Privacy and Accountability Act d. Health Information Portability and Accountability Association

b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Personal Trainer Practice Exam Flashcards

(100 cards)