Personal Responsibility For Health Flashcards
what are the historical empirical and normative claims in regard to personal responsibility for health?
HIPPOCRATES EMPIRICAL - factual, what is
‘Walking is man’s best medicine’
GALEN NORMATIVE - what ought to be, questioning
‘It is not shameful that a man with a perfect constitution should have to be carried by others on account of gout, or should be tortured with the pains of calculus…’
what are claims for personal responsibility for health in modern history?
In the 1970s countries began including personal responsibility for health in their healthcare policies. Lalonde report (Canada 1974) was the first major health document referring to the causative role of human behaviour in disease aetiology. The USA Healthy people report in 1974 said that half of Us mortality was due to unhealthy behaviour or lifestyle.
Knowles 1977 - the idea of a right to healthcare should be replaced by the idea of an individual mora obligation to preserve ones own health - a public duty if you will
Charrette 1976 - if people choose to commit suicide in slow and costly ways, perhaps they should share the financial burden that they impose upon society
NHS constitution 2015 in relation to personal responsibility for health
“The NHS belongs to all of us. there are things that we can all do for ourselves and for one another to help it work effectively, and to ensure resources are used responsibly.”
“Please recognise that you can make a significant contribution to your own, and your family’s, good health ands wellbeing, and take personal responsibility for it.”
What is the cost of healthcare to the world?
Prevalence of diabetes in the USA is 8% - costs $174 billion per year
Prevalence of obesity in the UK is 25% and costs £42 billion per annum to the NHS
Prevalence of alcohol consumption in the UK is 70% and costs £3 billion per annum to the NHS
what are the types of responsibility?
causal
moral
consequentially responsible
what is causal responsibility?
to attribute causal responsibility to some object or subject is to claim the the object or subject in question has some role in bringing about some event or state of affairs
what is moral responsibility?
people are morally responsible when they have sufficient conative, cognitive, affective and volitional capacities when the are free from coercive influences, and when they have east access to relevant and readily comprehensive information
what does it mean to be consequentially responsible?
a person is consequentially responsible for X when the burdens and benefits that come with or constitute X are justly visor hers to bear
what are the 7 Ps for the premise based argument for personal responsibility?
P1 - the empirical premise P2 - the metaphysical premise P3 - the epistemological premise P4 - the rationality premise P5 - the normative premise (i) P6 - the normative premise (ii) P7 - the practical premise
what is P1, the empirical premise?
a significant number of diseases are caused by human behaviour or by omission of human behaviours - e.g. smoking causative, no exercise causative
what is P2, the metaphysical premise?
people care free to choose whether they engage in health affecting behaviour
what is P3, the epistemological premise?
people have sufficient information and understanding of the associations between behaviour and disease to make an informed choice
what is P4, the rationality premise?
people have the capacity to amen decisions on the basis of reasons, i.e. they are capable of ‘reasons-responsiveness’
what is P5, the normative premise (i)?
people who are free and who have sufficient understanding of the association between health and behaviour and are capable of responding to reasons are morally responsible for their choices
what is P6, the normative premise (ii)?
people who are morally responsible should be held accountable i.e. should bear some of the costs of their choices. duties to oneself, duties to others, the value of choice, the demands of justice - Desert, Luck Egalitarianism
