Person-Centered Theory Flashcards
People saw the world from their unique perspectives
Phenomenological perspective
Proponent of person-centered therapy
Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers is the father of?
Father of psychotherapy research
Employs a variety of forms—movement, painting, sculpting, music, writing, and improvisation—in a supportive setting to
facilitate growth and healing.
Person-centered expressive arts therapy
Process whereby the client or group member is invited to access inner feelings through an uninterrupted sequence of movement, sound, visual art, and journal writing.
Creative connection
4 periods of development of person-centered therapy
- Nondirective counseling
- Client-centered therapy
- On Becoming a Person
- Person-centered approach
Refers to the alignment between a person’s inner feelings, thoughts, and outward expressions.
Means being authentic, honest, and
transparent rather than presenting a false or distorted self to others
Congruence
Means accepting, valuing, and caring for a person without judgment or conditions.
Foundation of Carl Rogers’
person-centered therapy, where individuals feel safe to express themselves without
fear of rejection.
Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR)
Means deeply grasping another person’s thoughts, feelings, and experiences from their perspective—without judgment or imposing your views. It requires active listening, emotional sensitivity, and a genuine effort to understand their world as they see it.
Accurate Empathic Understanding
Directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy, and self-determination.
Actualizing tendency
6 major concepts of person-centered therapy
- No Two People See the World Exactly Alike
- Empathic Understanding Is Critical
- People Make Simple Mistakes in
Judgment - Place Confidence in the Client
- The Perceived World of the Client May Not Approximate the World Sought
- Congruent Individuals Trust Their Worldview
MAJOR CONCEPT (person-centered):
Practitioners must recognize that
whatever they personally believe reality to be will be different from the client’s perspective and that each client will have a unique perspective.
No Two People See the World Exactly Alike
MAJOR CONCEPT (person-centered):
Practitioners must accomplish two
important tasks to make empathic
understanding a useful construct: (a) understanding and (b) accurately conveying that understanding.
Empathic Understanding Is Critica
MAJOR CONCEPT (person-centered):
People are attempting to act in response to how they believe others would have them act (conditions of worth) rather
than trusting their own positive,
growth-oriented nature and their tendency to actualize.
People Make Simple Mistakes in
Judgment
MAJOR CONCEPT (person-centered):
This confidence is based on the belief that people are innately good and continually seeking a fully functioning experience in the world, even as they make mistakes.
Place Confidence in the Client
MAJOR CONCEPT (person-centered):
The natural, growth-oriented, self-trusting nature of these people has been pushed into conflict with their chosen world, where they continually look outside their
true selves for decisions.
Congruent Individuals Trust Their
Worldview
When a person’s real self (who they
are) and ideal self (who they want to be) are vastly different, they experience inner conflict and
distress.
Incongruence (Mismatch Between Real and Ideal Self
When love and acceptance are dependent on meeting certain
expectations, people may suppress their real feelings to gain approval.
Conditional Positive Regard
To protect themselves from rejection or criticism, individuals may develop defense mechanisms like denial, avoidance, or self-deception.
Defensive Behavior
If a person internalizes negative messages about themselves,
they may struggle with low self-esteem and self-criticism.
Lack of Self-Acceptance
Goals of therapy (4)
- First get behind the masks they
wear - Movement from incongruence to
congruence - Reduced distortions
- Newfound levels of freedom
Development of Maladaptive Behaviour (4)
- Incongruence (Mismatch Between Real and Ideal Self)
2.Conditional Positive Regard - Defensive Behavior
- Lack of Self-Acceptance
6 TRADITIONAL INTERVENTION
STRATEGIES
- Active Listening
- Reflection of Content and Feeling
3.Immediacy - Genuineness and Self-Disclosure
- Personalized Counselor Action
- Non-Client-Centered Interventions
- Demonstrating empathy for the client requires highly attentive and interactive listening skills.
- Counselors must first show that they are paying attention with physical steps such as facing clients, leaning toward them, and making good eye contact
Active Listening
Counselors who accurately reflect content and feelings act like a mirror by helping clients see what they are expressing so that clients can revise and expand perceptions
of themselves based on counselor
reflections.
Reflection of Content and Feeling
Counselors who accurately reflect content and feelings act like a mirror by helping clients see what they are expressing so that
clients can revise and expand perceptions of themselves based on counselor reflections.
Active Listening
Provides a here-and-now approach to the relationship in general
and to feelings in particular. Those feelings that both client and counselor are currently
experiencing are often the most therapeutic ones available.
- Statements that receive primary emphasis are ones like “Your words express calmness, but your hands are shaking as if you were nervous” and “Your statements make me feel. . . .”
- In contrast, non immediacy statements seen as less therapeutically useful might be
“Why did you feel that way?” or “What did the other person think?”
Immediacy
