Behavioral Therapy Flashcards
Focus on directly
observable behavior
and environmental
influences
Current determinants
of behavior
Learning experiences
that promote change
Used to treat a wide
range of psychological
disorders
Applicable to different
fields
Grounded on a scientific
view of human behavior
BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Father of behavioral approach to
psychology
B.F. SKINNER
His theory of behaviorism is
a school of thought in psychology
that emphasizes the importance
of observable behavior over
unobservable mental processes in
the study of human behavior.
JOHN B. WATSON
John B. Watson was known for his famous experiment,
known today as ________ experiment.
“Little Albert” +experiment
Happens when things
similar to the conditioned
stimulus evoke a similar
response.
Stimulus generalization
Proponent of counter-conditioning
JOSEPH WOLPE
General technique that involves replacing
an unwanted emotional response to a
stimulus with a more desirable response.
COUNTER-CONDITIONING
What book did Joseph Wolpe publish that was met with skepticism and
disdain by the psychoanalytic community.
Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition
Major concept of B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning
Modifies behavior based on
consequences
A method of learning that uses
rewards and punishment to
modify behavior.
OPERANT CONDITONING
Strengthening/ increases behavior
Reinforcement
Decreases behavior
Punishment
Process that includes reinforcers to guide
individuals closer and closer to a desired behavior
Shaping
Introducing a pleasant stimulus
Positive Reinforcement
Removing an unpleasant
stimulus
Negative Reinforcement
Something that satisfies or fulfills our
biological, innate needs
Primary reinforcer
Something that associated with a
primary reinforcer
Secondary Reinforcer
A reward given immediately after an
individual performs the desired behavour
Immediate Reinforcement
Reward is not given immediately after
an individual performs the desired
behavior
Delayed reinforcement
Reinforcing/ rewarding a particular
behaviour every single time it occurs.
Continuous Reinforcement
Reinforcing /rewarding a particular
behaviour sometimes, not always
Partial/Intermittent Reinforcement
Reinforcements that are given only after a
specific number of responses.
Fixed-ratio schedule
Reinforcements that are given after a
random number of responses.
Variable-Ratio Schedule
Reinforcements that are given only
after a specific amount of time has
passed.
Fixed-Interval Schedule
Reinforcements that are given after an
unpredictable amount of time has
passed
Variable-Interval Schedule
Watson’s major concept
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Learned associations through
pairing of stimulus.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
This theory asserts that learning occurs
through the formation of associations
between stimuli and responses.
STIMULUS-RESPONSE (S-R) THEORY
Although a conditioned association can
be incredibly strong initially, it begins to
fade if not reinforced – until is disappears
completely
EXTINCTION
Conditioned associations can often widen beyond the specific stimuli
presented.
GENERALIZATION
GOALS OF
THERAPY (2)
Remove maladaptive behavior
and substitute with adaptive
and positive desirable behavior.
Increase personal choice and
create new
conditioning for learning
3 parts of functional assessment
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence
Action, event, or circumstances
that led up to the behavior.
ANTECEDENTS
The action or response of
the
individual.
The
observable behavior itself.
BEHAVIOR
This refer to what happens
after the behavior, which can
either reinforce or discourage
the behavior from happening
again in the future.
Consequence
TECHNIQUES BASED ON CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (3)
Aversion Therapy
Covert Sensitization
Exposure and Response Prevention
Psychotherapy designed to cause a patient to reduce or avoid an
undesirable behavior pattern by conditioning the person to associate the
behavior with an undesirable stimulus.
Aversion Therapy
Discourages people from engaging in unwanted behaviors by creating an
association between those behaviors and an unpleasant consequence.
Covert Sensitization
A behavioral therapy that
gradually exposes people to situations designed to provoke a person’s
obsessions in a safe environment.
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
TYPES OF EXPOSURE THERAPY
(3)
Systematic desensitization
Flooding
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
The client imagines exposure to the phobic stimulus.
In Vitro Exposure
Exposure to the actual anxiety evoking events rather than simply imagining
these situations.
Directly facing a feared object, situation or activity in real life by graduated
exposure.
In Vivo Exposure
Refers to the idea that
two opposing emotions
or physiological states
cannot occur at the
same time
RECIPROCAL INHIBITION
A person works with a therapist to learn
relaxation techniques and plan a
methodical series of exposure to
anxiety-provoking stimuli.
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION
3 phases SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION
1.Progressive muscle relaxation
2.Construction of an Anxiety Hierarchy
3.Desensitization
This process involves gradually exposing the individual to feared situations, starting with the least anxiety-provoking
DESENSITIZATION
The therapist exposes the person
to a highly feared situation and
prevents escape or avoidance.
Flooding
A form of exposure therapy that uses
technology.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
OPERANT CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES (4)
Reinforcement and Punishment
Extinction
Contingent Management
Token Economy
Adding favorable/pleasant stimulus,
increases the likelihood of the
response
Positive Reinforcement
Removal of unpleasant stimulus,
increases the likelihood of the
response
Negative Reinforcement
Addition of unpleasant stimulus,
decreases the likelihood of the
behavior
Positive punishment
Removal
of
pleasant
stimulus,
decreases the behavior
Negative Punishment
Withholding reinforcement from
a previously reinforced response.
EXTINCTION
Reducing or
eliminating certain behavior, but
does not replace those responses
that have been extinguished
Extinction process
Client’s behaviors are rewarded when they follow
program rules and regulations in their treatment plan.
CONTINGENT MANAGEMENT
Token is given to an individual
when an identified appropriate
behavior is exhibited.
TOKEN ECONOMY
Using behavior to influence mood by engaging in
pleasurable activities.
Behavioral Activation Treatment for
Depression (BATD)
SKILLS TRAINING TECHNIQUES (2)
Assertiveness Training
Problem-Solving Therapy (PST)
Assertiveness Training
(7)
1.Instructions
2.Feedback
3.Behavior Rehearsal
4.Coaching
5.Modeling
6.Social Reinforcement
7.Relaxation Training
Components of Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) (2)
Problem Orientation
Problem-Solving Styles
Problem-Solving Therapy (PST):
Teaching positive attitude
towards the problem.
Problem Orientation
Problem-Solving Therapy (PST):
How individuals approach
social problems
Problem-Solving Styles
Problem-Solving Styles step (4)
1.Problem definition
2.Generating alternatives
3.Decision-making
4.Solution implementation and verification
