Peritonitis_Flashcards

Question 1

Summary

Answer 1

Peritonitis refers to the inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by perforation of a hollow viscus or an infection. It presents with abdominal rigidity, rebound tenderness, fever, vomiting, tachycardia, and hypotension. Diagnosis involves imaging and fluid analysis, while management includes addressing the cause, antibiotics, and supportive care.

Question 2

Definition

Answer 2

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs.

Question 3

Epidemiology

Answer 3

Often secondary to other conditions, commonly seen in abdominal surgeries, long-term peritoneal dialysis, or trauma. Incidence varies based on underlying risk factors.

Question 4

Aetiology

Answer 4

Causes include perforation (e.g., ulcers, appendicitis, diverticulitis, trauma), infection (e.g., bacterial peritonitis, peritoneal dialysis infection), and sterile irritation (e.g., bile, blood, pancreatic fluids).

Question 5

Signs and Symptoms

Answer 5

Severe abdominal pain, systemic signs (fever, tachycardia), abdominal rigidity, rebound tenderness, nausea, vomiting, and percussion tenderness.

Question 6

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 6

Differential diagnoses include gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, and diverticulitis.

Question 7

Investigations

Answer 7

SEPSIS 6 should be initiated if the patient is systemically unwell. Tests: Blood tests for WCC/CRP, imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, CT for free gas or fluid collections), and peritoneal fluid analysis for causative organism identification.

Question 8

Management

Answer 8

Surgical intervention for perforation or other causes, empirical antibiotics tailored to cultures, and supportive care (fluids, pain management, monitoring).