Peritonitis Flashcards
1
Q
Define Peritonitis
A
Inflammation in the peritoneal cavity
2
Q
What is the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity?
A
- 2 serous membranes consisting of the parietal (cavity wall) peritoneum & visceral (organs) peritoneum
- Seperates the abdo. cavity from abdo. wall
- The peritoneal cavity is the space between the 2 serous membrances
3
Q
What is a serous membrane and what is it’s function?
A
Consists of;
- Epithelial layer (mesothelium)
- Simple squamous epithelium which produce lubricating serous fluid
- Connective tissue layer
- Blood vessels & nerves
- Binding layer
4
Q
What is the function of serous fluid?
A
Reduces friction
5
Q
What does the term ‘mesentery’ mean?
A
- A double fold of peritoneum
- Classically
- Connection of jejunum & ileum
6
Q
Draw a lateral schematic of the peritoneum (inc. greater & lesser sac & greater & lesser omentum)
A
7
Q
What are the causes of peritonitis?
A
- Primary - rare
- Typ. streptococcal via bloodstream > intra-abdo. organs
- Secondary - common, perforated;
- Appendicitis (under 45s)
- Diverticular disease (elderly)
- Upper GI
- Tumours
- Ischaemic bowel (due to adhesions)
- Peritoneal dialysis-related (via contaminated diaysate bags/ cathetar)
- Post surgical intervention (anastomotic leak, enteric injury)
8
Q
What are the symptoms of peritonitis?
A
- Anorexia & fever
- Severe generalized abdomincal pain radiating to shoulders and back
- Abdominal pain worse with movement, coughing, sneezing
9
Q
What are the signs of peritonitis?
A
- Fever & tachycardia
- Generalized abdominal tenderness with guarding and rigidity
- Gentle palpation may allow identification of an underlying mass
10
Q
How is a diagnosis made?
A
- Clinical manifestations mainly
- Leukocytosis, hyokalemia, hypernatremia & acidosis may be present
- X-Ray - dilated, edematous intestines (& pneumoperitoneum [GI perforaton])
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