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GI Alimentary Year 2 Medicine > Peritonisation > Flashcards

Peritonisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the abdominal pelvic cavity inferior to?

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

What is the abdominal pelvic cavity posterior to?

A

Abdominal wall muscles

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3
Q

What is the abdominal pelvic cavity superior to?

A

Pelvic floor muscles

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4
Q

What is the abdominal pelvic cavity anterior to?

A

Lumbar vertebral column

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5
Q

What is the abdominopelvic viscera covered by?

A

Serous membrane visceral and parietal

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6
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs?

A

organs that are completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum
Mobile

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7
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A

organs outside the peritoneum
Non mobile

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8
Q

What are omenta?

A

Double folds passings from the stomach and duodenum to other organs or the body wall

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9
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

What are ligaments in terms of peritoneal cavity?

A

Varied double layers of peritoneum which span between organs and organs or body wall

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11
Q

Give examples of intraperitoneal organs?

A

Jejunum
Spleen
Liver
Stomach

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12
Q

Give examples of retroperioteneal organs?

A

Adrenal gland
Aorta
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ureter
Colon
Kidney
Oesophagus

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13
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity contain?

A

peritoneal fluid

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14
Q

What are the two peritoneal sacs linked by

A

Epiploic foramen

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15
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

is the passage of communication, or foramen, between the greater sac (general cavity (of the abdomen)), and the lesser sac.

Borders
anterior–the free edge of lesser omentum with portal vein, vile duct and hepatic artery
posteriorly–IVC
inferiorly–1st part of duodenum
superior–liver

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16
Q

What is the name of the right upper region in the abdomen?

A

Right hypochondriac

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17
Q

What is the name of the left upper region in the abdomen?

A

Left hypochondriac

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18
Q

What is the name of the middle upper region in the abdomen?

A

Epigastric

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19
Q

What is the name of the right middle region in the abdomen?

A

Right lateral/lumbar

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20
Q

What is the name of the middle region in the abdomen?

A

Umbilicius

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21
Q

What is the name of the right lower region in the abdomen?

A

Right inguinal

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22
Q

What is the name of the middle lower region in the abdomen?

A

Pubic

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23
Q

What is the name of the left lower region in the abdomen?

A

Left inguinal

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24
Q

What are the regions of the abdomen separated by vertically?

A

Mid clavicular lines

taken from the mid-point of each clavicle.

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25
Q

What are the regions of the abdomen separated by horizontally?

A

Subcostal
Transtubercular planes

The upper horizontal line is the subcostal line taken from the inferior parts of the lowest costal cartilages. The lower horizontal line is the intertubercular line connecting the tubercles of the pelvis

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26
Q

What is the orientation of external oblique muscle fibres?

A

Inferomedially

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27
Q

What is the orientation of internal oblique muscle fibres?

A

Anteromedially

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28
Q

What is the orientation of transverus abdominis muscle fibres?

A

Transversely

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29
Q

What is the orientation of rectus abdominus muscle fibres?

A

Vertical

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30
Q

What is the function of external oblique?

A

Compress abdominal contents

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31
Q

What is the function of the transverus abdominis?

A

Stabilise the lumbar spine and pelvis

32
Q

What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

A

flexes trunk

stabilisation vertebral column

tensioning abdominal wall

33
Q

What is the rectus sheath formed by?

A

aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles

34
Q

What muscles lie within rectus sheath?

A

Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis muscles

rectus sheath is a tendon sheath (aponeurosis) which encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles.

35
Q

What is the function of the pyramidalis

A

tenses linea alba

Linea alba (Latin ‘white line’) is a tendinous, fibrous raphe that runs vertically down the midline of the abdomen.

36
Q

What node does lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus go?

A

Auxiliary

37
Q

What node does lymphatic drainage below the umbilicus go?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

38
Q

What is the inguinal ligament formed from?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique

by the free inferior border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle which attaches to these two points.

39
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run/Attach?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine, public tubercle

40
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

oblique passage through the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall

41
Q

What is the clinical significance of inguinal canal?

A

Herniations

Inguinal canal in a cadaver: While dissecting the inguinal canal, you will find the vas deferens coursing laterally to the inferior epigastric vessels. In addition, the hard, cord-like and firm thread felt on palpation is the vas deferens.

42
Q

Which muscle layer does the superficial inguinal ring break?

A

External oblique

  • *OpeningsDeep inguinal ring** - at the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
  • *Superficial inguinal ring - ‘V**’ shaped defect in the external oblique aponeurosis within the Hasselbach’s triangle
43
Q

The deep inguinal ring is an oval shaped opening in which muscle layer?

A

Transverse fascia

44
Q

What are the anterior wall borders of the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior - formed by Aponeuroses: internal oblique, external oblique

45
Q

What is the posterior wall border of the inguinal canal?

A

Posterior - formed by Tendon and transversalis fascia
Mnemonic: MALT

46
Q

What is the floor border of the inguinal canal?

A

Floor - formed by Ligaments: inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament

Mnemonic: MALT

47
Q

What is the roof border of the inguinal canal?

A

Roof - formed by Muscles: internal oblique, transversus abdominis

Mnemonic: MALT

48
Q

What are the male contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Male: spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve

Illioinguinal nerve
Blood and lymphatics

49
Q

What are the female contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Female: round ligament of the uterus and ilioinguinal nerve (*ilioinguinal nerve enters the scrotum through superficial ring, but does not travel through the inguinal canal)

Illioingual canal
Blood and lympathics

50
Q

Name the layers of the spermatic cord

A

Internal spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Cremaster muscle
External spermatic fascia

3 arteries: testicular, cremasteric, ductus deferens artery
3 fascial layers: external spermatic, cremasteric, internal spermatic
3 nerves: genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, sympathetic fibers, ilioinguinal nerve

51
Q

What is the function of psoas minor?

A

flexes trunk

52
Q

What is the function of psoas major?

A

hip flexion

53
Q

What is the function of quandratus lumborum?

A

Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

54
Q

What vertebral level does the caval opening occur?

A

T8

Diaphragm apertures spinal levels:

Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters – T8

55
Q

What vertebral level does the esophogeal opening occur?

A

T10

Diaphragm apertures spinal levels:

Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters – T8

56
Q

What vertebral level does the aortic opening occur?

A

T12

Diaphragm apertures spinal levels:

Aortic hiatus = 12 letters = T12

Oesophagus = 10 letters = T10

Vena cava = 8 letters – T8

57
Q

What vessels merge to form the IVC? What level does this occur?

A

Common iliac
L5

58
Q

What is the portal vein formed by?

A

union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins

= receives nutrient-rich venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract

59
Q

What is a portal system?

A

A portal system carries blood from one capillary bed to another

60
Q

What is the effect of vagotomised on gastric secretion?

A

Decreases it

61
Q

What is a vagotomy

A

Vagotomy

A surgical procedure where a portion of the vagus nerve is severed to reduce acid secretion in the stomach.

performed to help manage peptic ulcer disease. There are different types of vagotomies that are performed depending on the condition of the patient.

The basic types of vagotomy include truncal vagotomy, selective vagotomy and highly selective vagotomy. A truncal vagotomy cuts the trunk of the vagus nerve before it enters the abdomen. Selective vagotomy involves severing between the anterior and posterior nerves of Laterjet and denervating the pylorus. Highly selective vagotomy involves denervation of the fundus and body of the stomach, while preserving the antrum and pylorus.

62
Q

What type of gland is the adrenal gland?

A

endocrine

63
Q

What levels do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

64
Q

What layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, hear and cold?

A

Parietal

65
Q

Where does the greater omentum attach?

A

greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon

66
Q

Where does the lesser omentum attach?

A

Smaller of the omenta

Attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver

Divided into hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
Forms anterior border of the epiploic foramen

67
Q

What are the heptaoduodenal and hepatogastic ligaments part of?

A

Lesser omentum

Divided into hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
Forms anterior border of the epiploic foramen

68
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

69
Q

What is the falciform ligament a remnant of?

A

umbilical vein

During embryonic development, the left umbilical vein drains blood into the left portal vein.about two months after birth, the vein degenerates and forms the ligamentum teres hepatis = continues in the inferior border of the falciform ligament

70
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

A

A transverse plane lying halfway between the suprasternal notch and the pubic symphysis
L1

The superior mesenteric vein terminates at the transpyloric plane (around the lower margin of the L1 vertebra) by merging with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein.

71
Q

Give examples of structures in the transpyloric plane?

A

Duodenum
Pancreas
Kidneys

72
Q

Which costal cartilage is the surface marking of the gallbladder?

A

A clinical landmark for the fundus of the gallbladder is at the level of the 9th costal,

at the intersection of the lateral border of the right rectus abdominis and the costal margin.

73
Q

Does the liver move with respiration?

A

Yes

74
Q

What ribs does the spleen lie under?

A

in the left hypochondriac region, hidden posteriorly to the stomach and

anteriorly to the ribs 9 - 11.

75
Q
A

GI Alimentary Year 2 Medicine (7 decks)

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