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GI Alimentary Year 2 Medicine > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What gene is a transcription factor for establishing left sidedness?

A

PTX2

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2
Q

Define gastrulation

A

formation of germ layers

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3
Q

What structures develop from embryonic ectoderm?

A

Skin
CNS
PNS
Ear
Nose
Throat

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4
Q

What structures develop from embryonic endoderm?

A

Epithelial lining of respiratory system
GIT
Glands
Liver
Pancreas
Urinary bladder

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5
Q

What structures develop from embryonic mesoderm?

A

Muscles
Bones
Cartilage
Urogenital system

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6
Q

What week is the gut tube formed?

A

During 3rd and 4th

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7
Q

What gives rise to parietal and visceral mesoderm?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

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8
Q

What is the gut tube closed by at its cranial end?

A

Oropharyngeal membrane

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9
Q

What is the gut tube closed by at its caudal end?

A

Cloacal membrane

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10
Q

What secretes sonic hedge hog cells?

A

Gut endodermal cells

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11
Q

What is the function of SHH?

A

Organisation of gut

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12
Q

Where does ventral mesentary form from?

A

Caudal end

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13
Q

What mesentery hangs gut tube from body wall?

A

Dorsal

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14
Q

Where does the oesophagus develop from?

A

The cranial part of the gut tube

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15
Q

What is the function of the Tracheo-oesophageal septum

A

Divides oesophagus from trachea

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16
Q

What does the lung bud develop from?

A

Outgrowth of the ventral wall of the foregut

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17
Q

What forms the stomach?

A

Foregut caudal of oesophagus dilates to form the stomach

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18
Q

What part of the stomach does the left vagus supply?

A

Anterior wall of stomach

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19
Q

What part of the stomach does the right vagus supply?

A

Posterior part of stomach

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20
Q

What is the stomach attached to the dorsal and ventral wall by?

A

A mesentery called mesogastrium

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21
Q

What forms the lesser sac?

A

Rotation along the longitudinal axis pulling the dorsal mesentery to the left

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22
Q

What is the duodenum formed from?

A

Caudal part of the foregut
Cranial part of the midgut

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23
Q

What artery supplies the duodenum below the opening of the bile gut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

24
Q

What artery supplies the duodenum above the opening of the bile duct?

A

Coeliac trunk

25
Q

Is the duodenum retroperitoneal or intraperiotoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal except the duodenal cap

26
Q

What gives rise to the gallbladder?

A

Liver bud

27
Q

When is the liver bud formed?

A

Week 3

28
Q

What liver parts are endodermal origin?

A

Hepatocytes
Biliary epithelial

29
Q

What liver and biliary apparatus are mesodermal origin?

A

Kupffer cells
Haemotopoietic cells
Connective tissue

30
Q

What does the falciform ligament and momentum develop from?

A

Ventral mesentary

31
Q

When is bile formed?

A

12th week

32
Q

What is the origin of the spleen?

A

mesoderm

33
Q

What connects the spleen and kidney?

A

splenorenal ligament

34
Q

What happens to the spleen in weeks 15 to 17 of gestation?

A

Colonised by T-lymphocytes

35
Q

What happens to the sleep in week 23 gestation?

A

The b-cell precursors arrive and spleen starts it’s lymphoid function

36
Q

What forms the head of the pancreas?

A

Duodenum rotates so the ventral bud also moves closer to the dorsal bud

37
Q

When does the pancreas and spleen form?

A

Week 5

38
Q

When does the head of the pancreas form?

A

Week 6

39
Q

What is the result of incomplete separation of the lung bud?

A

Oesophageal atresia
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula

40
Q

Give examples of developmental anomalies in the foregut

A

Double gallbladder
Stricture of duodenum
Annular pancreas

41
Q

Where does the midgut extend from?

A

From opening of bile duct into the duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon

42
Q

What way does the primary intestinal loop rotate?

A

Anti-clockwise

43
Q

What happens to the primary intestinal loop in week 6?

A

Physiological herniation of intestinal loop

44
Q

What does the Vitelline duct connect?

A

Ileium with yolk sac

45
Q

When do the intestinal loops move back into abdominal cavity?

A

Week 10

46
Q

What week does the cecal bud develop?

A

Week 6

47
Q

What does the cecal bud form from?

A

Caudal part of loop S. intestine forms

48
Q

What happens to the midgut loop?

A

Elongates needs will differentiate into different parts of intestines

49
Q

What are some common developmental abnormalities of the midgut?

A

Stenosis
Malrotation

50
Q

What is omphalocele?

A

Failure of retraction of herniated intestinal loop though umbilical ring at week 10

51
Q

What may vitelline duct form if it persists?

A

Fistula
Cyst
Ligament
Meckel’s diverticulitis

52
Q

What parts of the hindgut are ectodermal origin?

A

Lower part of anal canal and anal orifice

53
Q

When does the cloacal membrane rupture?

A

week 7

54
Q

What part of the anal canal is endodemral origin?

A

Cranial part

55
Q

What part of the anal canal is ectodermal origin?

A

Caudal anal canal

56
Q

What are some common hindgut developmental anomalies?

A

Urorectal fistula
Rectovaginal fistula
Rectoperineal fistual
Imperforated anus

57
Q
A

GI Alimentary Year 2 Medicine (7 decks)

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