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Gastrointestinal > Peritoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Define peritoneum

A

Serous membrane lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

Where does peritoneum lie

A

Lies on abdominal and pelvic organs

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3
Q

Define parietal peritoneum

A

Adheres to anterior and posterior abdominal walls

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4
Q

Define visceral peritoneum

A

Inner layer lines abdominal wall

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5
Q

What are the layers of the peritoneum

A

Parietal
Peritoneal cavity
Visceral

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6
Q

Where is the lesser sac located

A

Posterior to stomach and liver
Anterior to pancreas and duodenum

Provides space for unhindered movement of the stomach

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7
Q

Where is the greater sac located

A

Extends from diaphragm to pelvic cavity

Contains liver, stomach and spleen, small intestine, ascending colon, descending colon

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8
Q

Define mesentery

A

Folds in the peritoneum

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9
Q

Define omenta

A

Two layers in the peritoneum which has fused.

Extend from the stomach and proximal duodenum to neighbouring organs

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10
Q

Where is the greater omentum

A

Covers anterior surface of small intestine

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11
Q

Where is the lesser greater omentum

A

Hangs proximal duodenum to greater curvature of the stomach

Folds attach surface of transverse colon and mesentery on inferior edge

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12
Q

What is the mnemonic for retroperitoneal organs

A

SAD PUCKER

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13
Q

What does the mnemonic for retroperitoneal organs stand for

A

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Aorta and inferior vena cava
Duodenal (distal section - everything apart from first portion)

Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
E (o)esphagus
Rectum

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14
Q

Is the liver intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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15
Q

Is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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16
Q

Is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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17
Q

Is the superior part of the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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18
Q

Is the jejunum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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19
Q

Is the ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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20
Q

Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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21
Q

Is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

22
Q

Is the kidney intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

23
Q

Is the adrenal intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

24
Q

Is the aorta and inferior vena cava intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

25
Q

Is the distal duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

26
Q

Is the pancreas (not including the tail) intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

27
Q

Is the ureters intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

28
Q

Is the colon (ascending and descending) intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

29
Q

Is the kidney intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

30
Q

Is the oesophagus intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

31
Q

Is the rectum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

32
Q

What is the role of the peritoneum

A

Acts to support viscera

Provides pathway for blood vessels and lymph to travel to and from the viscera

33
Q

What is pain of the parietal peritoneum

A

Well localised

Sensitive to pain, pressure, laceration and temperature

34
Q

Why is pain of the peritoneum well localised

A

Receives same somatic nerve supply as the region of the abdominal wall that it lines

35
Q

What is the pain of the visceral peritoneum

A

Poorly localised

Only sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation

36
Q

Describe the peritoneal cavity

A

Potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Normally contains a small amount of lubricating fluid

37
Q

What type of peritoneum covers retroperitoneal organs

A

Parietal that covers the anterior surface

38
Q

What type of peritoneum covers intraperitoneal organs

A

Enveloped by visceral peritoneum

39
Q

Define secondary retroperitoneal

A

Initially intraperitoneal

40
Q

Describe a mesentery

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum

Connects intraperitoneal organs (usually) to the posterior abdominal wall

Provides pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to travel from the body wall to the viscera

41
Q

Describe omenta

A

Sheet of visceral peritoneum that extends from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs

42
Q

How many layers of visceral peritoneum does the greater omentum contain

A

4

43
Q

How many layers of visceral peritoneum does the lesser curvature contain

A

2

44
Q

What does the lesser curvature attach

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

45
Q

What are the parts of the lesser curvature

A

Hypogastric ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament

46
Q

What can the peritoneal cavity be divided into

A

Greater sac

Lesser sac

47
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie

A

Posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum

48
Q

How is the greater sac divided

A

into 2 by the mesentery of the transverse colon

Supracolic compartment

Infracolic compartment

49
Q

What lies in the supracolic compartment

A

Lies above the transverse mesocolon

Contains stomach, liver and spleen

50
Q

What lies in the infracolic compartment

A

Lies below the transverse mesocolon

Contains small intestine, ascending and descending colon

51
Q

How are the supracolic and infracolic compartments connected

A

By the paracolic gutters which lies between the posterolateral abdominal wall and the lateral aspect of the ascending or descending colon

52
Q

What is the role of the lesser sac

A

Allows the stomach to move freely against the structures posterior and inferior to it

Gastrointestinal (12 decks)

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