Oral Cavity

Question 1

What does mucosa in the upper part of the nasal cavity contain

Answer 1

Olfactory receptors

Question 2

What forms the nasal septum

Answer 2

Superior posterior septum - perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Inferior posterior septum - vomer

Anteriorly - cartilage

Question 3

What are the three projections on the lateral surface of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

Superior, middle, inferior conchae

Question 4

What are the spaces between conchae

Answer 4

Meatus

Question 5

What separates the nasal cavity from the cranium and brain

Answer 5

Cribriform plate

Perforated with tiny holes - like a sleeve - axons of olfactory nerves pass through these

Question 6

Where are olfactory receptors located

Answer 6

Spheno-ethmoidal recess in upper nasal cavity - between superior concha and cribriform plate

Question 7

Where is the frontal sinus

Answer 7

Lies within the anterior part of the frontal bone

Question 8

Where is the ethmoidal sinus

Answer 8

Ethmoid air cells lie within the ethmoid bone

Question 9

Where is the sphenoid sinuses

Answer 9

Lie within the sphenoid bone

Question 10

Where is the maxillary sinuses

Answer 10

Lie within the maxillae of the facial skeleton

Question 11

What does the frontal sinus drain into

Answer 11

Middle meatus

Question 12

What does the sphenoid sinus drain into

Answer 12

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 13

What does the ethmoid air cells drain into

Answer 13

Superior and middle meatus

Question 14

What does the maxillary sinus drain into

Answer 14

Middle meatus

Question 15

Where and what is the nasolacriminal duct

Answer 15

Drains fluid that lubricates the anterior surface of the eye

Opens into the inferior meatus

Question 16

What is the role of the auditory tube

Answer 16

Connects the muddle ear and nasopharynx

Allows air to pass into the middle ear so that the pressure on either side of tympanic membrane is equal

Important for optimal conduction of soundwaves

Question 17

What is the arterial supply of the nasal cavity

Answer 17

Maxillary artery

Question 18

What is sensory innervation to the nose

Answer 18

Trigeminal nerve

Question 19

What is the arterial supply of the nasal septum

Answer 19

Anastomotic network formed by maxillary artery

Often site of bleeding - epistaxis

Question 20

What is the palate composed of

Answer 20

Hard palate - bone

Soft palate - muscle

Question 21

What is the hard palate made of

Answer 21

Palatine bone of the maxilla

Horizontal bone of the palatine bone

Question 22

What is the function of the hard palate

Answer 22

Prevents food or fluid from entering the nasal cavity

Push tongue against it in phase 1 of swallowing

Push tongue against it to articulate certain sounds

Question 23

What is the midline conical projection in the soft palate

Answer 23

Uvula

Question 24

What is the role of the soft palate

Answer 24

Contract during swallowing which elevates the soft palate

Nasopharynx is closed off from the oral cavity - preventing reflux of food and fluid into the nasal cavity

Question 25

What is the soft palate innervated by

Answer 25

Vagus nerve

Question 26

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity

Answer 26

superiorly - hard and soft palate Inferiorly - soft tissue and muscles Laterally - cheeks

Question 27

What muscles do the cheeks contain

Answer 27

Buccinator muscle

Question 28

How many teeth do adults have - what are the divisions

Answer 28

32 teeth 16 embedded in the maxilla (upper jaw) 16 embedded in the mandible 4 incisors 2 canines 4 premolars 6 molars

Question 29

What are teeth composed of

Answer 29

An inner pulp which contains blood vessels and nerves Dentin which surround pulp An outer, hard coating of enamel

Question 30

What does the surface of the tongue bear

Answer 30

Papillae on the superior surface - some of which detect taste

Question 31

What is the space between the posterior tongue and anterior aspect of the epiglottis

Answer 31

Vallecula

Question 32

What is the action of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 32

Lie entirely within the tongue Paired bilaterally and fuse in the midline Change the shape of the tongue

Question 33

What is the action of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 33

Attached to the tongue but originate from outside it - from mandible and hyoid bone Move the tongue

Question 34

Name the tonsils

Answer 34

Pharyngeal tonsils Tubal tonsil Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsils

Question 35

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 35

Lies in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx

Question 36

Where are the tubal tonsils

Answer 36

Surrounds the openings of the auditory tube on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Question 37

Where are the palatine tonsils

Answer 37

Lies on the lateral wall of the oropharynx Visible

Question 38

Where are the lingual tonsils

Answer 38

Collection of lymphoid tissue on posterior tongue

Question 39

What are the stages of swallowing

Answer 39

Oral phase (1) Pharyngeal phase (2) Oesophageal phase (3)

Question 40

Describe the oral phase (1)

Answer 40

Voluntary Bolus moves from oral cavity into oropharynx

Question 41

Describe pharyngeal phase (2)

Answer 41

Involuntary Bolus moves from the oropharynx into the oesophagus

Question 42

Describe the oesophageal phase (3)

Answer 42

Involuntary Bolus moves through the oesophagus and into the stomach

Question 43

What are the muscles involved in the pharyngeal phase (2)

Answer 43

Tongue is blocking the oral cavity Nasopharynx is sealed off from the oropharynx and laryngopharynx by elevation of the soft palate and its uvula Larynx elevated due to - suprahyoid muscles and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles = epiglottis blocks the trachea

Question 44

What are the muscles involved in the oesophageal phase (3)

Answer 44

Food bolus is forced inferiorly from the pharynx into the oesophagus after the contraction of three pharyngeal muscles - superior, middle, inferior constrictor muscles

Question 45

Describe the gag reflex

Answer 45

When glossopharyngeal nerve stimulated Reflex arc leads to contraction of the pharyngeal musculature and elevation of the soft palate Efferent nerve vagus

Question 46

What is the purpose of the gag reflex

Answer 46

Protective function against foreign bodies touching the posterior aspect of the oral cavity

Question 47

What nerve stimulates the gag reflex

Answer 47

Glossopharyngeal