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Gastrointestinal > Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What does mucosa in the upper part of the nasal cavity contain

A

Olfactory receptors

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2
Q

What forms the nasal septum

A

Superior posterior septum - perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Inferior posterior septum - vomer

Anteriorly - cartilage

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3
Q

What are the three projections on the lateral surface of the nasal cavity

A

Superior, middle, inferior conchae

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4
Q

What are the spaces between conchae

A

Meatus

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5
Q

What separates the nasal cavity from the cranium and brain

A

Cribriform plate

Perforated with tiny holes - like a sleeve - axons of olfactory nerves pass through these

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6
Q

Where are olfactory receptors located

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess in upper nasal cavity - between superior concha and cribriform plate

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7
Q

Where is the frontal sinus

A

Lies within the anterior part of the frontal bone

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8
Q

Where is the ethmoidal sinus

A

Ethmoid air cells lie within the ethmoid bone

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9
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinuses

A

Lie within the sphenoid bone

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10
Q

Where is the maxillary sinuses

A

Lie within the maxillae of the facial skeleton

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11
Q

What does the frontal sinus drain into

A

Middle meatus

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12
Q

What does the sphenoid sinus drain into

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

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13
Q

What does the ethmoid air cells drain into

A

Superior and middle meatus

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14
Q

What does the maxillary sinus drain into

A

Middle meatus

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15
Q

Where and what is the nasolacriminal duct

A

Drains fluid that lubricates the anterior surface of the eye

Opens into the inferior meatus

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16
Q

What is the role of the auditory tube

A

Connects the muddle ear and nasopharynx

Allows air to pass into the middle ear so that the pressure on either side of tympanic membrane is equal

Important for optimal conduction of soundwaves

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17
Q

What is the arterial supply of the nasal cavity

A

Maxillary artery

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18
Q

What is sensory innervation to the nose

A

Trigeminal nerve

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19
Q

What is the arterial supply of the nasal septum

A

Anastomotic network formed by maxillary artery

Often site of bleeding - epistaxis

20
Q

What is the palate composed of

A

Hard palate - bone

Soft palate - muscle

21
Q

What is the hard palate made of

A

Palatine bone of the maxilla

Horizontal bone of the palatine bone

22
Q

What is the function of the hard palate

A

Prevents food or fluid from entering the nasal cavity

Push tongue against it in phase 1 of swallowing

Push tongue against it to articulate certain sounds

23
Q

What is the midline conical projection in the soft palate

A

Uvula

24
Q

What is the role of the soft palate

A

Contract during swallowing which elevates the soft palate

Nasopharynx is closed off from the oral cavity - preventing reflux of food and fluid into the nasal cavity

25
Q

What is the soft palate innervated by

A

Vagus nerve

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity

A

superiorly - hard and soft palate

Inferiorly - soft tissue and muscles

Laterally - cheeks

27
Q

What muscles do the cheeks contain

A

Buccinator muscle

28
Q

How many teeth do adults have - what are the divisions

A

32 teeth

16 embedded in the maxilla (upper jaw)

16 embedded in the mandible

4 incisors
2 canines
4 premolars
6 molars

29
Q

What are teeth composed of

A

An inner pulp which contains blood vessels and nerves

Dentin which surround pulp

An outer, hard coating of enamel

30
Q

What does the surface of the tongue bear

A

Papillae on the superior surface - some of which detect taste

31
Q

What is the space between the posterior tongue and anterior aspect of the epiglottis

A

Vallecula

32
Q

What is the action of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Lie entirely within the tongue

Paired bilaterally and fuse in the midline

Change the shape of the tongue

33
Q

What is the action of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Attached to the tongue but originate from outside it - from mandible and hyoid bone

Move the tongue

34
Q

Name the tonsils

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

Tubal tonsil

Palatine tonsils

Lingual tonsils

35
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils

A

Lies in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx

36
Q

Where are the tubal tonsils

A

Surrounds the openings of the auditory tube on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

37
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils

A

Lies on the lateral wall of the oropharynx

Visible

38
Q

Where are the lingual tonsils

A

Collection of lymphoid tissue on posterior tongue

39
Q

What are the stages of swallowing

A

Oral phase (1)

Pharyngeal phase (2)

Oesophageal phase (3)

40
Q

Describe the oral phase (1)

A

Voluntary

Bolus moves from oral cavity into oropharynx

41
Q

Describe pharyngeal phase (2)

A

Involuntary

Bolus moves from the oropharynx into the oesophagus

42
Q

Describe the oesophageal phase (3)

A

Involuntary

Bolus moves through the oesophagus and into the stomach

43
Q

What are the muscles involved in the pharyngeal phase (2)

A

Tongue is blocking the oral cavity

Nasopharynx is sealed off from the oropharynx and laryngopharynx by elevation of the soft palate and its uvula

Larynx elevated due to - suprahyoid muscles and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles = epiglottis blocks the trachea

44
Q

What are the muscles involved in the oesophageal phase (3)

A

Food bolus is forced inferiorly from the pharynx into the oesophagus after the contraction of three pharyngeal muscles
- superior, middle, inferior constrictor muscles

45
Q

Describe the gag reflex

A

When glossopharyngeal nerve stimulated

Reflex arc leads to contraction of the pharyngeal musculature and elevation of the soft palate

Efferent nerve vagus

46
Q

What is the purpose of the gag reflex

A

Protective function against foreign bodies touching the posterior aspect of the oral cavity

47
Q

What nerve stimulates the gag reflex

A

Glossopharyngeal

Gastrointestinal (12 decks)

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