Peritoneal cavity

Question 1

what are the boundaries for the peritoneal Cavity Bounaries

Answer 1

Anterior boundary: anterior abdominal wall

Posterior boundary: Posterior abdominal wall

Superior boundary: Respiratory diaphragm

Inferior boundary: floor of pelvic cavity

Question 2

what are the tissue layers for the Peritoneum

Answer 2

Parietal Peritoneum: lines the inner surfaces of the abdominal wall

Visceral peritoneum: covers many of the abdominal organs

these layers of peritoneum are continuous with one another

Question 3

What are the 3 functions of the peritoneum

Answer 3

1) produce peritoneal fluid witch lubricates the peritoneum
2) minimize friction between abdominal organs

3) resist infection
- producing antibodies
- producing leukocytes
- localizing infection

Question 4

what are the two subdivisions of the Peritoneal cavity? and how are they connected?

Answer 4

Lesser sac: also known as omental bursa located between the lesser omentum and the greater omentum

Greater sac: is the main and larger portion of the peritoneal cavity

these are connected by the epiploic foramen

Question 5

what are the other two subdivisions of the Peritoneal cavity that distinguish superior and inferior? and how are they divided

Answer 5

divided by the transverse mesocolon that attches the transverse colon which divides the peritoneal cavity into a supracolic compartment and an infracolic compartment

supracolic compartment contains the stomach , liver, and spleen

infracolic compartment: lies posterior to the greater omentum, within this compartment are the small intestine, ascending colon and descending colon

Question 6

what are the boundaries of the epigloic foramen?

Answer 6

anteriorly: hepatoduodenal ligament
superiorly: reflection of peritoneum from the liver (caudate lobe) onto the front of the inferior vena cava
inferiorly: by the duodenum, 1st part
posteriorly: by the parietal peritoneum covering the inferior vena cava

Question 7

What is the Mesentary?

Answer 7

The mesentary is a double layered peritoneal membrane structure that is attached to the posterior abdominal wall and to the jejunum and ileum

contains arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics supplying these organs, contains lots of fat deposited here as well

Question 8

What is the Lesser Omenta

Answer 8

Lesser omentum is attached to the liver, lesser curvature of the stomach, and the 1st part of duodenum

consists of 2 parts:

• Hepatoduodenal ligament
• hepatogastric ligament

Question 9

what is the greater Omenta

Answer 9

attaches the greater curvature of the stomach and the 1st part of the duodenum to the transverse colon

hangs anterior as a skirt to the transverse colon in front of the lesser intestine

Question 10

What are peritoneal ligaments?

Answer 10

Consist of two layers of peritoneum that connect one organ with another organ or to the abdominal wal

Question 11

Function of the Falciform Ligament?

Answer 11

falciform ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 12

Function of the hepatogastric ligament?

Answer 12

Membranous portion of the lesser omentum that attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

Question 13

Function of the Hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer 13

Membranous portion of the lesser omentum that attaches the 1st part of the duodenum to the liver

Question 14

what is the function of the gastorphrenic ligament?

Answer 14

Gastrophrenic ligament attaches the fundus of the stomach to the diaphragm

Question 15

what is the function of the gastrosplenic ligament?

Answer 15

gastrosplenic ligament attaches the stomach to the diaphragm

Question 16

what is the function of the gastrocolic ligament?

Answer 16

the apron like part of the greater omentum that attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 17

What is the Peritoneal recess?

Answer 17

Peritoneal recess is a pouch of peritoneum that is formed by a peritoneal fold
-i.e. inferior recess of the omenta bursa that is located between the folds of the greater omentum

Question 18

What is peritonitis and what are 3 probable causes?

Answer 18

Inflammation of the peritoneum of the digestive tract

1) Bursed viscera
- ruptured appendix

2) Perforated viscera
- perforated gastric ulcer

3) Physical trauma to viscera
- bullet or knife wound

Question 19

What is ascities? and what are some causes

Answer 19

It is the collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity that causes distention in the abdomen

1) cirrhosis is the number one cause by far
- involves alcohol

2) cancer
3) heart failure
4) Tuberculosis
5) dialysis
6) Pancreatic disease

Question 20

What are the paracolic gutters, subphrenic recess and what are the significance of these?

Answer 20

Paracolic gutters: Peritoneal lined spaces that are adjacent to the ascending and descending colon
-right and left paracolic gutter

Subphrenic recess: Peritoneal lined space between diaphragm and liver
-also a hepatorenal recess

significance is that peritoneal fluid can carry intraperitoneal infections throughout the peritoneum through these passage ways

Question 21

What are causes for fluid getting into the omental bursa?

Answer 21

1) Perforated posterior stomach wall
2) Pancreatitis
3) Trauma to pancreas