Peripheral venous and arterial disease UNFINISHED SLIDE 10

Question 1

what is the lower limb venous divided into and where are they found

Answer 1

superficial veins located in the subcutaneous tissue and deep veins underneath the deep fascia with the major arteries.

Question 2

how does blood move through the lower limb venous system

Answer 2

movement of blood is from superficial to deep veins

Question 3

name the superficial veins

Answer 3

the great saphenous vein

the small saphenous vein.

Question 4

name the deep veins

Answer 4

the anterior tibial vein
 posterior tibial 
 fibular veins
popliteal vein
femoral vein
external iliac vein
inferior and superior gluteal veins that empty into the internal iliac vein.

Question 5

describe the calf muscle pump

Answer 5

gravity contributes to the pooling of blood. whereas the calf muscles contribute to venous return.
blood passes in the superficial through the perforating vein and into the deep vein. when valves are open blood is pushed through to deep veins and when valves are closed to prevent retrograde movement.
soleus and gastrocnemius muscles contribute to pushing blood against gravity by squeezing blood through perforating and deep vein.

Question 6

what is the venous pressure in foot like during exercise

Answer 6

reduced compared to standing still

Question 7

what happens in varicose veins

Answer 7

peripheral veinous disease
-valves ineffective and blood movement is slow or even reversed.
walls of the veins weaken and varicosities develop. valve cusps then separate becoming incompetent.
veins tend to be tortuous and twisted

Question 8

symptoms of peripheral venous disease

Answer 8

patients describe heaviness and aching, muscle cramps and throbbing
along the affected vein there will be: leg cramps, ankle swelling , varicose eczema, haemorrhage( bleeding from damaged veins when dilation is stimulated)

Question 9

risk factors of peripheral Venous disease

Answer 9

age 
gamily history 
female sex
number of births 
occupation- standing a lot

Question 10

what is superficial vein thrombophlebitis

Answer 10

inflammatory process resulting from a clot in vein
painful erythematous
small clot can form in varicose veins
increased risk of deep vein thrombosis

Question 11

what happens in chronic venous insufficiency and how can it present as

Answer 11

more advaced state of peripheral venous disease
reflux and or obstruction leads to venous hypertension
present as: lipodermatosclerosis- inflammation and thickening of fat layer under the skin
- haemosiderin staining- brawny oedema. rust looking process due to leaking of RBC and haemoglobin is oxidised by macrophages to. cause this colour.
-venous ulceration