intro to cardiovascular anatomy through imaging

Question 1

what are the layers of the artery

Answer 1

1) tunica intima- endothelium
2) tunica media- smooth muscle
3) tunica adventitia- connective tissue

Question 2

the layers of the heart wall

Answer 2

1) epicardium- serous membrane, smooth outer surface of heart
2) myocardium-middle layer composed of cardiac muscle and responsible for heart contracting
3) endocardium- smooth inner surface of heart chambers

Question 3

what are pectinate muscles

Answer 3

muscular ridges in walls of atria

Question 4

what are trabeculae carnae

Answer 4

muscular ridges on inside walls of ventricles

Question 5

how much blood flow should there be to the brain at all times

Answer 5

750ml/min

Question 6

what are the requirements of the cvs

Answer 6

a pump-heart
distribution vessels-arteries
control of flow- via resistance vessels ( arterioles and pre capillary sphincters)
veins- a store of blood that can be called upon to cope with temporary imbalances between cardiac input and output.

Question 7

what does the right side of the heart consist of?

Answer 7

right atrium which receives deoxygenated blood

right ventricle which pumps the deoxygenated blood out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.

Question 8

what does the left side of the heart consist of?

Answer 8

left atrium which receives oxygenated blood

left ventricle which pumps it through the aorta to the rest of the body

Question 9

how many valves are there?what are their names? Are they opened or closed during systole & diastole

Answer 9

4
2 atrioventricular valves- tricuspid (right) and mitral(left) they separate the atria and ventricles. open during diastole and closed during systole ( small back flow at the start causes them to close)
2 outflow valves - pulmonary valve and aortic valve. open during systole and close during diastole