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Nurs 203 > Peripheral Vascular System & Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular System & Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular System is made up of what

Functions of:
Vascular system
Arteries or blood
Lymph or veins

A

Vascular system- all vessels in the body

Functions:
Vascular system: transport fluids (blood or lymph)
Arteries or blood: O2 & nutrients to tissues
Lymph or veins: wastes from tissues

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2
Q

What are the 5 main types of blood vessels and their functions

A
  1. Arteries- carry blood AWAY from the heart
  2. Arterioles- small arteries
  3. Capillaries- thin walled vessels that connect arterioles and venules
    - allow exchange of substances between the blood and body tissues
  4. Venules- small veins
  5. Veins- carry blood BACK to the heart
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3
Q

Arteries

  • What do they carry
  • What is the level of pressure
  • what do artery walls contain
  • What is contraction and relaxtion
A

Carry oxygenated blood

AWAY from the heart

HIGH pressure
Artery walls contain:
-Elastic fibres- allows for stretch and recoil
-Muscular fibres- control amount of blood delivered to tissues

Contraction- causes vasoconstriction
Relaxation- causes vasodilation

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4
Q

CAPILLARIES

  • what are they
  • what is the function
  • what do they carry in and out
A

Thin walled vessels that connect arterioles & venules

Allow exchange of substances between the blood and body tissues

O2 and nutrients out of capillaries

CO2 and wastes in capillaries

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5
Q

Veins

  • What do they carry
  • how many compared to arteries
  • what pressure
  • what are capacitance vessels and describe them
  • contain what
  • types 2
A

Carry deoxygenated blood BACK to the heart

More numerous than arteries

LOW pressure

Have thin walls that are distensible = capacitance vessels (acts as blood reservoir)

Contain valves that prevent blood backflow
Types:
1.Superficial- in the subcutaneous layer
-Responsible for most venous return
2.Deep- between skeletal muscles
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6
Q

Peripheral Vascular System: Flow of Blood

8

A 
Heart 
Aorta
Arteries
Arterioles 
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Vena Cava
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7
Q

What causes a pulse 3
Where can they be felt
Which is faster apical/radial

A
  • Each heart beat creates a pressure wave
  • arteries expand and recoil
  • creates a wave that can be felt called a pulse

Pulses only felt at body sites where the artery is near surface & over bone

Should never have slower apical pulse compared to radial pulse, but can have slower radial pulse, because you might not feel every wave

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8
Q

Arteries: HEAD & NECK

Name the 2, which they supply and where it can be palpated

A

Temporal- supplies parts of the scalp
-palpated in front of the ear

Carotid- supplies head & neck
-palpated in groove between sternomastoid muscle and trachea

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9
Q

Arteries: ARM

Name the 3, which they supply and where it can be palpated

A

Brachial-major artery supplying arm (divides into): (Bifurcates to radial and ulnar arteries)
-Palpated in the antecubital fossa

Radial- supplies forearm & hand
-Palpated on radial aspect of wrist

Ulnar- supplies forearm &; hand
-Palpated on ulnar aspect of wrist

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10
Q

Arteries: LEG

What does the femoral divide into 3, where can it be palpated

A

Femoral- major artery of the leg (divides into):

  • Palpated below the inguinal ligament
    1. Popliteal- behind knee
    2. Dorsalis pedis- top of foot
    3. Posterior tibial- behind MEDIAL malleolus
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11
Q

ISCHEMIA

  • Definition
  • Caused by
  • 2 different and SS
A

Ischemia- LACK of oxygenated blood to a tissue

Often caused by obstruction of blood vessel

Complete blockage= death of tissue (necrosis)
-might result in heart attack

partial blockage= insufficient supply

  • S&S may only be apparent during exercise
  • S&S apparent Only when body needs increased oxygen
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12
Q

Veins: HEAD &NECK

  • Where does the jugular vein drain stuff
  • what are the two parts and where do they lay
A

• Jugular veins- drain deoxygenated blood from the head/neck/brain

  • Internal Jugular- lies deep & MEDIAL to the sternomastoid
  • External Jugular- lies more superficial LATERAL to the sternomastoid
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13
Q

Veins: ARM

-What are the two sets, responsible for what, which of the two can be removed , where are they found

A

Superficial- responsible for most of the venous return from the arm

  • Found in the subcutaneous tissue
  • Superficial veins can be removed without harming circulation as long as those deep veins art intact

Deep
-Found deeper in the muscles

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14
Q

Veins: LEG

-what sets are there, what are they divided into, and what are they responsible for

A

Deep veins- responsible for most of the venous return from the leg (divides into):
[Deep veins will run alongside deep arteries]
-Femoral vein
-Popliteal vein

Superficial veins

  • Great saphenous vein – longest/largest vein in body
  • Small saphenous vein – starts at foot and to the back of knee, where it will join and become popliteal

Perforators- connecting veins that join the two sets

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15
Q

Venous Flow

Mechanisms that promote venous flow: 3

A
  1. Contracting skeletal muscles
  2. Breathing pressures
  3. Venous valves
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16
Q 
Venous Flow: Mechanisms
Contracting skeletal muscles
-known as what
-What does it do
-where does it direct blood flow
A

Contracting skeletal muscles – also known as the “calf pump”

Contracting skeletal muscles milk blood back to the heart

Directing blood flow proximally (back towards heart)

17
Q

Venous Flow: Mechanisms
Breathing Pressures
-What is inspiration
-what Mechanisms and what do they cause

A

Inspiration= thoracic pressure & abdominal pressure

Diaphragm moves down, increasing space, decreasing pressure in chest, increasing abdominal pressure
-Abdominal veins are compressed & more blood moves into thoracic veins towards the heart

18
Q

Venous Flow: Mechanisms
Venous Valves
-What do the intraluminal valves ensure
-What do they prevent and how (2)

A

The intraluminal valves ensure unidirectional flow

Prevent backflow

  1. open towards the heart
  2. closed when filled with blood to prevent backflow of blood
19
Q

Venous Flow: Factors Causing Venous Stasis
(when dealing with bed-ridden pts, need to be concerned of their venous blood flow, decreased movement, risk for clots)

Problems with any of the following leads to venous stasis: 3 and what are the problems

A

Contracting skeletal muscles
=Prolonged standing, sitting, or bed rest

Competent valves

  • Varicose veins (risk factors: obesity, pregnancy, genetics)
  • *Incompetent and not sealing well veins
  • *Valves can’t close tightly, vein dilates because of blood sitting on vein

Patent vessel lumen
-Clotting problems, vein wall trauma

20
Q

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Composed of: 4

A
  • Lymph- fluid in the vessels
  • Lymphatic Vessels- vessels that transport lymph
  • Lymph nodes- small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue
  • Organs- contain lymph tissue
21
Q

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Functions 3

A

Drain excess interstitial fluid
Act in immune response
Absorb fat from the gut

22
Q

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

  • how is it related to the vessel system
  • what happens during blood circulation
  • what does the system do
  • What happens without the system
A

Completely separate vessel system

During blood circulation more fluid leaves the capillaries than is absorbed

The lymphatic system “sops up” the excess fluid from the tissue spaces and returns it to the bloodstream (One way system that absorb large molecules aka fat)

Without lymphatic drainage, fluid would build in the interstitial spaces= edema

23
Q

What path does lymph follow

A

blood

interstitial fluid

lymph

blood

24
Q

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: Lymphatic Vessels

What is their path and their importance

A

Lymphatic Capillaries (Lymphatic capillaries unite to form larger lymphatic vessels)

Lymphatic Vessels

Lymph Nodes (Lymph is filtered through lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels unite to form lymphatic trunks)

Lymphatic trunks (The lymphatic trunks empty into 2 main lymphatic ducts)

Lymphatic ducts

25
Q

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: Lymphatic Ducts

-What are the two ducts

A

Right lymphatic duct
Empties into the right subclavian vein

Thoracic duct
Empties into the left subclavian vein

26
Q

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: Lymph Nodes

  • What are nodes
  • what do they contain
  • Arranged how
  • What is the function
  • What happens when there is local infection
A

Lymph nodes: Small oval clumps of lymphatic tissues that occur in intervals along lymphatic vessels

Contain Lymphocytes (WBCs that mount an immune response)

Most arranged in groups (superficial & deep)

Function: Filter fluids before it is returned to the bloodstream and filter out microorganisms

Local infection= swollen & tender lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)

27
Q

What are the 4 nodes and what do they drain

A

Cervical nodes: drain the head and neck

Axillary nodes: drain the breast & upper arms

Epitrochlear node: drain hand & lower arm

Inguinal nodes: drain lower extremity, external genitalia, & anterior abdominal wall

28
Q

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: Related Organs 5, where are they located and what is their function

A

Tonsils- located at the entrance to the respiratory & GI tracts; respond to local inflammation
-pharyngeal, palatine, lingual

Thymus gland- aids in development of T lymphocytes; large in fetus & young child

Spleen- stores RBCs, destroys old RBCs, produces antibodies, & filters microorganisms in blood

Bone Marrow- produces lymphocytes

Peyer’s Patches- Lymphoid tissue in intestines

Nurs 203 (15 decks)

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