Peripheral Vascular Pathophysiology Flashcards
Which layer of the arterial wall is composed of a single layer of squamous cells?
Tunica intima
What CHD risk factors cause endothelial injury?
HTN, smoking, DM, etc.
What type of cells migrate from the circulation to under the epithelium?
Monocytes
Migration of capillaries into the plaque occurs during what stage of development?
Advanced
What are the 5 components of physical fitness?
Cardiovascular endurance
Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Flexibility
Body composition
What is critical limb ischemia?
Significantly reduced blood flow to the limbs, particularly legs and feet
How likely is limb amputation in patients with critical limb ischemia?
High/significant
Why does PAD cause these symptoms: Numbness, Weakness, Cold skin temperature, Pulses weak/, and Integumentary changes?
Inadequate blood flow to the limbs
Describe the intermittent claudication scale
0-4 or 1-5. Low to high being no pain to high pain.
Why are many of the risk factors for PAD the same as CHD?
Both conditions primarily caused by atherosclerosis
What are the additional PAD risk factors that aren’t in common with CHD?
LE trauma, Raynaud’s, chronic kidney disease, Increased blood viscosity.
What protein factor is needed for coagulation cascade X?
Vitamin K
A patient with DM has elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor; clot or bleeding?
Clot formation
What peripheral vascular disorders are associated with impaired LE muscle function?
PAD
How does right-sided heart failure cause CVI?
Increased venous pressure
Fluid retention/edema
Reduced cardiac output
How do mobility and exercise help prevent DVTs?
Improved circulation
What type of exercise(s) prevents DVT formation?
LE exercises to help muscle pump
Venous or arterial: Skin with dark purple staining
Venous
Venous or arterial: Walking ↑ Pain
Arterial
Venous or arterial: Sitting with LE dependent ↑ Pain
Venous
Venous or arterial: Ulcers on foot weightbearing sites
Arterial
Venous or arterial: Ulcers on lower legs
Venous
Venous or arterial: Skin with bright red color
Venous
Venous or arterial: Peripheral edema
Venous
Venous or arterial: Sitting with LE dependent ↓ Pain
Arterial
Venous or arterial: Absent pulses
Arterial
Venous or arterial: Walking ↓ Pain
Venous
Venous or arterial: Skin temperature cool
Arterial
Venous or arterial: Ulcers can progress to necrosis
Arterial
