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Cardiopulmonary > CHF Pathophysiology > Flashcards

CHF Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define CHF

A

Congestive heart failure. Cardiac output that is inadequate to meet the metabolic demands of the body.

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2
Q

Impaired ventricular filling due to reduced extensibility or decresed preload is termed:

A

Diastolic dysfunction

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3
Q

Impaired ventricular contractility due to myogenic chronotropic or inotropic disorders is termed:

A

Systolic dysfunction

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4
Q

The amount of blood filling the heart chambers during diastole is termed:

A

Preload

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5
Q

The amount of force/pressure that the heart must push against is termed:

A

Afterload

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6
Q

Does an increase in afterload alter EDV, ESV, or both?

A

Increases both

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7
Q

Which of the following disorders is congenital?
Hypertension,
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction,
aortic stenosis,
aortic outflow obstruction,
coarctation of the aorta.

A

coarctation of the aorta is present at birth

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8
Q

Why does pulmonary hypoxia cause hypertension?

A

Low oxygen levels trigger constriction of pulmonary arteries, which is a protective mechanism to redirect blood flow to better-oxygenated areas of the lungs. If this is prolonged, can cause HTN.

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9
Q

Why can patients with normal cardiac output have heart failure?

A

If metabolic demand is heightened. CO can be normal but not meet demand.

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10
Q

Define sepsis

A

Extreme response to infection that starts in one area in the blood and can move to other areas of the body.

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11
Q

Is the initial consequence right heart failure, left heart failure, or both?

Renal Failure

A

Right heart failure

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12
Q

Is the initial consequence right heart failure, left heart failure, or both?

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Right heart failure

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13
Q

Is the initial consequence right heart failure, left heart failure, or both?

Aortic valve stenosis

A

Left heart failure

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14
Q

Is the initial consequence right heart failure, left heart failure, or both?

Pulmonary hypertension

A

Right heart failure

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15
Q

Which variable in capillary fluid dynamics cause edema with heart failure?

A

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure leads to fluid leakage into tissues, causing edema.

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16
Q

Which electrolyte is most important in fluid regulation?

A

Sodium

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17
Q

How does sodium need to be regulated in patients with heart failure?

A

Should be restricted in heart failure patients to reduce fluid retention and decrease the workload on the heart.

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18
Q

Define oncotic pressure

A

Pulls fluid into the vascular space

19
Q

Define hydrostatic pressure

A

Pushes fluid out of the vascular space

20
Q

Edema surrounding a discrete area of the body is termed:

A

Localized edema

21
Q

Edema in dependent regions of bilateral LE and sometimes UE too is termed:

A

Peripheral edema

22
Q

Edema that leaves an indentation when pressure is applied to the area is termed:

A

Pitting edema

23
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abnormal distension is termed:

A

Ascites

24
Q

Severe generalized edema is termed

A

Anasarca

25
Q

Fluid in the space in and around the alveoli is termed:

A

Pulmonary edema

26
Q

How can CHF lead to renal failure?

A

Decreased blood reaching kidneys

27
Q

How can renal failure lead to CHF?

A

Renal failure causes fluid overload and hypertension, increasing the heart’s workload

28
Q

How can CHF lead to pulmonary edema?

A

heart’s inability to pump effectively causes blood to back up in the lungs, increasing pulmonary capillary pressure and leading to fluid accumulation, resulting in pulmonary edema.

29
Q

How can pulmonary edema lead to CHF?

A

increases resistance in the lungs, making it harder for the heart to pump blood, which strains the heart and can worsen or lead to CHF.

30
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Pulmonary edema

A

BL

31
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Oliguria

A

F

32
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Jugular vein distension

A

BR

33
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Oxygen desaturation

A

BL

34
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Weak/thready pulses

A

F

35
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Anorexia

A

BR

36
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Fatigue

A

F

37
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Orthopnea

A

BL

38
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Hepatomegaly

A

BR

38
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Ascites

A

BR

39
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Cough

A

BL

40
Q

MOI for each heart failure S/S (BR, BL, F): Peripheral edema

A

BR

41
Q

What diagnostic medical test is most definitive for heart failure?

A

Echocardiogram

42
Q

What is the underlying cause of rapid weight gain in patients with CHF?

A

Water retention

43
Q

Taking daily body weight measurements, what is considered a potential sign of CHF?

A

> 2 lb in a day
5 lb in a week

Cardiopulmonary (7 decks)

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