Cardiovascular Deconditioning Flashcards
MAP stands for
Mean arterial pressure
MAP formula
2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic
Normal MAP is ____.
about 100 mmHg
In a recumbent position, arterial pressure is ______ caudal to cephalad.
Equal
In standing, arterial pressure is ________ above the heart and _______ below the heart.
Lower; higher
CVP stands for _______.
Central venous pressure
Normal CVP is __-__.
0-15 mmHg. 0 in upright positions. 15 in recumbent.
What is the use for a pulmonary artery catheter?
Measure the pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Allows for a measurement of cardiac output.
When going from upright to recumbent positioning, there is an overall ELEVATION/DEPRESSION in MAP.
Elevation
When MAP increases, the stretch on the baroreceptors INCREASES/DECREASES.
Increases
When going from an upright position to a recumbent position, there is an overall ELEVATION/DEPRESSION in central blood volume.
Elevation
When going from upright to recumbent, there is a ______ in venous pooling of the legs, _______ in central venous return, _________ in central blood volume and CVP, ________ in right atrial pressure and _______ in diastolic filling, _________ in stroke volume, and _____ in heart rate.
Decrease;
Increase;
Increase;
Increase;
Increase;
Increase;
Decrease.
When going from a recumbent position to an upright one, there is and overall ________ in MAP.
Reduction
When going from recumbent to upright there is a ____ in MAP, _____ in stretch of the arterial baroreceptors which signals CV medullary centers, which then STIMULATE/INHIBIT the SNS and STIMULATE/INHIBIT the PNS. Peripheral vascular resistance is ________, leading to an _______ in MAP.
Decrease;
decrease;
stimulate
inhibit
increased;
increase
When going from recumbent to upright, there is an overall _______ in CVP.
Reduction
When going from recumbent to upright, there is an __________ in venous pooling in the legs, ________ venous return, __________ in CVP, _________ in right atrial pressure and ________ in diastolic filling, _______ in stroke volume, leading to a ______ in HR.
Increase;
decrease;
decrease;
decrease;
decrease;
decrease;
increase
How do baroreceptors adapt to prolonged recumbency? What is the consequence?
They become less sensitive to pressure changes. This means a greater drop in arterial pressure is needed to signal the cardiovascular medullary centers.
What happens to heart rate after prolonged recumbency?
Elevation in heart rate.
Diuresis is stimulated leading to loss of plasma volume. This means less cardiac filling and stroke volume.
List 4 symptoms that might present due to increased venous pressure in the head (prolonged recumbency).
Headaches
Nasal congestion
Facial edema
Cognitive issues
How does O2 consumption adapt to training (rest, submax, max).
none, none, increases.
How does O2 consumption adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).
None, none, decreases.
How does HR adapt to training (rest, submax, max).
Decreases, decreases, none.
How does HR adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).
Increases, increases, none.
How does stroke volume adapt to training (rest, submax, max).
Increase, increase, increase.
How does stroke volume adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).
Decrease, decrease, decrease.
How does A-V Oxygen difference adapt to training (rest, submax, max).
none, none, increase?
How does A-V Oxygen difference adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).
None, none, decrease?
How does cardiac output adapt to training (rest, submax, max).
none, none, increase.
How does cardiac output adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).
none, none, decrease.
How does systolic BP adapt to training (rest, submax, max).
none, none, increase.
How does systolic BP adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).
none, none, decrease.
How does Diastolic BP adapt to training (rest, submax, max).
None, none, increase.
How does Diastolic BP adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).
none, none, decrease.
Define Inotropic
Affects the force of the heart’s contraction.
Define chronotropic
Affects the speed at which the heart beats (HR)
How does metabolism adapt to prolonged bed rest?
Shift in fuel metabolism to favor carbohydrate oxidation and reduces lipid oxidation.
