Cardiovascular Deconditioning

Question 1

MAP stands for

Answer 1

Mean arterial pressure

Question 2

MAP formula

Answer 2

2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic

Question 3

Normal MAP is ____.

Answer 3

about 100 mmHg

Question 4

In a recumbent position, arterial pressure is ______ caudal to cephalad.

Answer 4

Equal

Question 5

In standing, arterial pressure is ________ above the heart and _______ below the heart.

Answer 5

Lower; higher

Question 6

CVP stands for _______.

Answer 6

Central venous pressure

Question 7

Normal CVP is __-__.

Answer 7

0-15 mmHg. 0 in upright positions. 15 in recumbent.

Question 8

What is the use for a pulmonary artery catheter?

Answer 8

Measure the pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Allows for a measurement of cardiac output.

Question 9

When going from upright to recumbent positioning, there is an overall ELEVATION/DEPRESSION in MAP.

Answer 9

Elevation

Question 10

When MAP increases, the stretch on the baroreceptors INCREASES/DECREASES.

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

When going from an upright position to a recumbent position, there is an overall ELEVATION/DEPRESSION in central blood volume.

Answer 11

Elevation

Question 12

When going from upright to recumbent, there is a ______ in venous pooling of the legs, _______ in central venous return, _________ in central blood volume and CVP, ________ in right atrial pressure and _______ in diastolic filling, _________ in stroke volume, and _____ in heart rate.

Answer 12

Decrease;
Increase;
Increase;
Increase;
Increase;
Increase;
Decrease.

Question 13

When going from a recumbent position to an upright one, there is and overall ________ in MAP.

Answer 13

Reduction

Question 14

When going from recumbent to upright there is a ____ in MAP, _____ in stretch of the arterial baroreceptors which signals CV medullary centers, which then STIMULATE/INHIBIT the SNS and STIMULATE/INHIBIT the PNS. Peripheral vascular resistance is ________, leading to an _______ in MAP.

Answer 14

Decrease;
decrease;
stimulate
inhibit
increased;
increase

Question 15

When going from recumbent to upright, there is an overall _______ in CVP.

Answer 15

Reduction

Question 16

When going from recumbent to upright, there is an __________ in venous pooling in the legs, ________ venous return, __________ in CVP, _________ in right atrial pressure and ________ in diastolic filling, _______ in stroke volume, leading to a ______ in HR.

Answer 16

Increase;
decrease;
decrease;
decrease;
decrease;
decrease;
increase

Question 17

How do baroreceptors adapt to prolonged recumbency? What is the consequence?

Answer 17

They become less sensitive to pressure changes. This means a greater drop in arterial pressure is needed to signal the cardiovascular medullary centers.

Question 18

What happens to heart rate after prolonged recumbency?

Answer 18

Elevation in heart rate.

Diuresis is stimulated leading to loss of plasma volume. This means less cardiac filling and stroke volume.

Question 19

List 4 symptoms that might present due to increased venous pressure in the head (prolonged recumbency).

Answer 19

Headaches
Nasal congestion
Facial edema
Cognitive issues

Question 20

How does O2 consumption adapt to training (rest, submax, max).

Answer 20

none, none, increases.

Question 21

How does O2 consumption adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).

Answer 21

None, none, decreases.

Question 22

How does HR adapt to training (rest, submax, max).

Answer 22

Decreases, decreases, none.

Question 23

How does HR adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).

Answer 23

Increases, increases, none.

Question 24

How does stroke volume adapt to training (rest, submax, max).

Answer 24

Increase, increase, increase.

Question 25

How does stroke volume adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).

Answer 25

Decrease, decrease, decrease.

Question 26

How does A-V Oxygen difference adapt to training (rest, submax, max).

Answer 26

none, none, increase?

Question 27

How does A-V Oxygen difference adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).

Answer 27

None, none, decrease?

Question 28

How does cardiac output adapt to training (rest, submax, max).

Answer 28

none, none, increase.

Question 29

How does cardiac output adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).

Answer 29

none, none, decrease.

Question 30

How does systolic BP adapt to training (rest, submax, max).

Answer 30

none, none, increase.

Question 31

How does systolic BP adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).

Answer 31

none, none, decrease.

Question 32

How does Diastolic BP adapt to training (rest, submax, max).

Answer 32

None, none, increase.

Question 33

How does Diastolic BP adapt to detraining (rest, submax, max).

Answer 33

none, none, decrease.

Question 34

Define Inotropic

Answer 34

Affects the force of the heart’s contraction.

Question 35

Define chronotropic

Answer 35

Affects the speed at which the heart beats (HR)

Question 36

How does metabolism adapt to prolonged bed rest?

Answer 36

Shift in fuel metabolism to favor carbohydrate oxidation and reduces lipid oxidation.