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735: Orthotics and Prosthetics > Peripheral Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 tunics of the arterial system from inner to outermost?

A
  • Tunica Intima
  • Tunica Media
  • Tunica Adventitia
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2
Q

In what type of arteries is BP highest and why?

A

In muscular smaller arteries because they expand only slightly regardless of the pressure

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3
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

To facilitate movement of wastes, extra fluid, and proteins between the bloodstream and interstitium

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4
Q

What can be defined as hardening of arterial walls?

A

arteriosclerosis

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5
Q

What can be defined as a common form of arteriosclerosis in which plaques deposit of the endothelial lining?

A

atherosclerosis

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6
Q

What can be defined as an occlusive arterial disease most prominently affecting peripheral arteries (usually in the LEs), which may lead to absent dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, and/or popliteal artery pulses?

A

Arteriosclerosis obliterans

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7
Q

What can be defined as a specific arterial disease with tissue ischemia in young men who smoke?

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s disease)

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8
Q

What can be defined as temporary vasospasm in the arterioles causing cyanosis
that is typically brought on by cold, and leads to pallor, pain, and numbness

A

Primary Raynaud’s Disease

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9
Q

True or False

Veins cannot contract like arteries because their tunica media is insignificant

A

True

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10
Q

What are 2 mechanisms by which the movement of blood within the veins is aided?

A
  • muscle pumping

- breathing

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11
Q

What are the 4 pathological types of PVD?

A
  • Arterial occlusive
  • Inflammatory
  • Vasomotor Disorder
  • Venous
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12
Q

What are 2 types of acute arterial occlusive disorders? Explain each…

A
  • emboli: originate in heart and migrate to peripheral vessels where they block blood flow
  • thrombi: clot forms around an atherosclerotic lesion which blocks blood flow
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13
Q

Which is more serious, embolus or thrombus?

A

embolus is a medical emergency and surgery is required ASAP

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14
Q

What are the 5 symptoms of sudden cessation of blood flow? (5 P’s)

A
  • Pain
  • Pallor
  • Paralysis
  • Parasthesia
  • Pulselessness
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15
Q

Peripheral arterial disease (atherosclerosis) is a chronic condition which is slow in progression. What usually causes the initial injury to the blood vessel?

A

HTN or trauma

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16
Q

How can you tell the difference between intermittent and neurological claudication?

A

If pain persists when riding a bike this is an indication of reduced blood supply rather than neurological origin

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17
Q

Subjectively what will your patients tell you if they have arterial disease?

A
  • experience cramping with walking (intermittent claudication)
  • pain is relieved by rest
  • have wounds but have no history of trauma
18
Q

What are the objective findings associated with arterial disease?

A
  • Trophic skin changes (loss of hair growth, abnormal nails, dry skin)
  • Cool skin
  • Decreased pulses
19
Q

What are a few medical management options for patients with chronic arterial disease?

A
  • quit smoking
  • wound care
  • walking programs
20
Q

What can be defined as inflammation of the vessel wall resulting from immune complex deposition or cell-mediated immune reactions directed against the vessel wall?

A

Vasculitis

21
Q

What is the cause of Vasculitis?

A

Unknown

22
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary Raynaud’s?

A

Primary is due to external factors

Secondary occurs due to another disease such as Buerger;s disease or connective tissue disorders

23
Q

What can be defined as abnormally dilated veins that are the result of intrinsic vessel wall weakness and chronic valvular insufficiency?

A

Varicose veins

24
Q

Varicose veins are _ times more likely to occur in women than in men

A

3

25
Q

What are varicosities?

A

smaller pools of blood in veins

26
Q

What causes a DVT?

A

coagulation of blood collected in deep veins due to obstructed flow

27
Q

How long after a patient receives anticoagulation therapy must you wait to ambulate?

A

48-72 hours

28
Q

What are the risk factors for venous disease?

A
  • Aging
  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity
  • Long hours of standing/sitting
  • Lack of regular activity
  • Family history
29
Q

Subjectively what will your patients tell you if they have venous disease?

A
  • Aching, heavy legs that is sometimes relieved by elevation

- Wounds may have no history of trauma

30
Q

What are the objective findings associated with venous disease?

A
  • Swelling present
  • Skin changes (hemosiderin staining/deposits of LE, fibrosis of the skin)
  • Pulses present
  • Wounds with drainage
31
Q

What causes 70-80% of LE ulcers?

A

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

32
Q

What are the symptoms associated with Chronic Venous Insufficiency?

A
  • dilated veins
  • leg pain
  • edema
  • cutaneous changes (stasis dermatitis)
33
Q

What are 3 possible causes of chronic venous insufficiency?

A
  • Venous occlusion
  • Valvular defects
  • Problems with muscle pump
34
Q

What are 3 surgical options for patients with chronic venous insufficiency?

A
  • Angioplasty
  • Stenting
  • Amputation
35
Q

Describe primary lymphedema

A

Hereditary or congenital underdeveloped lymphatic system

36
Q

Describe secondary lymphedema

A

Injury to a part of the lymphatic system that leads to blockage

37
Q

Subjectively what will your patients tell you if they have lymphedema?

A
  • Feelings of fullness and heaviness

- Numbness/tingling

38
Q

What are the objective findings associated with lymphedema?

A
  • Swelling that is not improved with elevation
  • Pitting
  • Dermal changes (cysts, hyperkeratosis)
  • Decreased ROM
39
Q

What type of therapy is used to treat lymphedema?

A

Complete decongestive therapy (CDT)

40
Q

What are the causes of neuropathy?

A

Mostly unknown but thought to be indirect and oftentimes linked to glucose damage to other systems

41
Q

What is Charcot’s Joint?

A

progressive degeneration of a weight bearing joint, a process marked by bony destruction, bone resorption, and eventual deformity

42
Q

What are the 3 phases of wound healing?

A

1) inflammatory phase
2) proliferative phase
3) maturation phase

735: Orthotics and Prosthetics (14 decks)

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