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SU17: Physiology > Peripheral Pain > Flashcards

Peripheral Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate the sensation of pain vs the affective component.

A

Sensation: localization and intensity

Affective: Emotional response

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2
Q

Differentiate acute vs chronic pain?

A

Acute: short term, identifiable

Chronic: Long term, often non-identified

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3
Q

Differentiate “normal” vs pathological pain.

A

Normal: A-delta and c-fiber mediated

Pathological: Peripheral and central sensitization

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4
Q

Pain is the experience that is elicited by what types of receptors?

A

Nociceptors

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5
Q

What types of nociceptors make up the majority of cutaneous nociceptors?

A

C-fibers

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6
Q

T/F: A-delta fibers contain many neuropeptides.

A

FALSE

C-fibers have neuropeptides

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7
Q

T/F: C-fibers are both TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

______ fibers result in fast, sharp pain; ______ fibers result in slow, dull, or burning pain.

A

A-delta; C

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9
Q

T/F: Many C-fibers have polymodal receptors (response to multiple types of stimuli).

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What methods are used for pain transduction?

A
  1. TRP receptors: polymodal characteristics

2. ENaCS: possibly in mechanical nociception

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11
Q

TRPV1 responds to what chemical related to what sensation?

A

Capsaicin related to heat

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12
Q

T/F: Taste and olfaction are examples of chemesthesis.

A

FALSE

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13
Q

T/F: Chemesthesis produce both painful and non-painful sensation.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What branch of CN V has prominent chemesthesis in the nose?

A

Ethmoid nerve

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15
Q

What is a single chemosensory cell?

A

Cells innervated by CN V in the nasal epithelium.

Uses taste receptor G-protein system to give chemesthesis response

No TRP

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16
Q

T/F: Chemesthesis requires a high threshold compared to taste and olfaction.

A

TRUE

17
Q

What is Eugenol?

A

Compound used in dentistry that may affect chemesthesis in CN V

18
Q

How does capsaicin work to desensitize pain?

A

Depletes c-fibers of their neuropeptides

19
Q

Dentinal tubules contain ____ fibers; the pulp chamber contains ____ fibers.

A

A-delta; C-fibers

20
Q

T/F: A-delta fibers in the dentin extend to the dentin-enamel junction.

A

FALSE

21
Q

What is different about temp. sensation in dentinal A-fibers?

A

Pain sensation felt with non-pain stimulation

22
Q

What is Bradykinin and how does it relate to nociceptors in teeth?

A

An inflammatory mediator that can elicit a c-fiber sensation

23
Q

Why can the neuron theory of pain in dentin not be ruled out?

A

Although neuron does not go to DEJ; could be activated by thermal changes in tubule

24
Q

What supports the odontoblast theory of pain in the dentin?

A

Odontoblast has TRP receptors directly on it

Could communicate with A-delta fiber with ATP via a gap junction

25
Q

T/F: TRP receptors are found on only the nerve fibers in the tubule.

A

FALSE

TRP on nerves and odontoblasts

26
Q

T/F: There is a synapse between the odontoblast and A-delta fiber in the dentin tubule.

A

FALSE

Possibly other method of communication

27
Q

What is hyperalgesia?

A

Excessive response to stimuli

28
Q

What is the difference between substance P and CGRP?

A

SP: stimulates mast cells -> histamine

CGRP: vasodilation and swelling

Both continue to stimulate C-fiber

29
Q

What can happen to a c-fiber near an injury that can lead to infection and immune response?

A

Neuron becomes more sensitized: more sensitive to the given stimulus

LOWERS THRESHOLD

30
Q

T/F: Inflammation can make nociceptors more sensitive to stimulus.

A

TRUE

31
Q

What inflammatory chemicals can result in the direct stimulation of nociceptors?

A
  1. Histamine
  2. Bradykinin
  3. 5-HT
32
Q

What is a neuroma?

A

In an attempt to regenerate; the nerve ends in a mass of tissue and does not reach its targe

33
Q

What happens when a nerve is damaged?

A

Schwann produce laminin and NGF -> NGF travels to ganglion -> NGF promotes sprouting and regeneration

34
Q

Describe how sympathetic fibers and noradrenaline can lead to pain in neuromas?

A

During regeneration C-fibers form new noradrenergic receptors. When sympathetic fibers release noradrenaline (normally nonpainful), C-fiber can now sense this as pain.

35
Q

What is ectopic discharge?

A

Prolonged and spontaneous nerve activity due to increase in Na channels after regeneration

36
Q

What is ephaptic transmission?

A

A typical A-beta response also stimulates a C-fiber response.

SU17: Physiology (9 decks)

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