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SU17: Physiology > Neuronal Signaling > Flashcards

Neuronal Signaling Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the neuron takes input and responds with a graded potential?

A

Dendrites

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2
Q

Which part of the neuron is the output process?

A

Axon

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3
Q

What are found in the axon terminals?

A

Vesicles with neurotransmitters

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4
Q

What part of the axon contains the nucleus?

A

Soma

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5
Q

Do neurons divide?

A

No.

Except hippocampus!!

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6
Q

What are the three classifications of neurons based on where the signal is traveling?

A
  1. Afferent: PNS -> CNS
  2. Interneurons: all w/in CNS
  3. Efferent: CNS -> PNS
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7
Q

______ neurons have cell bodies (ganglia) outside of the CNS.

A

Afferent

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8
Q

____ cells make up 90% of the cells in the CNS.

A

Glial

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9
Q

T/F: Glial cells undergo cell division.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

_______ cells are types of glial cells found in the PNS.

A

Schwann

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11
Q

What are the three types of glial cells in the CNS?

A
  1. Oligodendrocytes: myelination
  2. Microglia: phagocytic role
  3. Astrocytes: buffering role in ECF
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12
Q

Which glial cell makes up the blood brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes

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13
Q

T/F: There is one Schwann cell per axon.

A

FALSE

Many Schwann cells/axon

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14
Q

T/F: One oligodendrocyte contributes to many axons.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What two problems can cause peripheral demyelination?

A
  1. Guillain-Barre sydrome

2. Nerve trauma

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16
Q

T/F: Microglia are in a constant reactive state.

A

FALSE

Go from active to inactive states

17
Q

_______ are involved in “pruning” unused dendrites.

A

Microglia

18
Q

T/F: Neuron-glia interactions are done via a synapse.

A

FALSE

Direct contact

19
Q

What is axonal transport and what part of the neuron is responsible for these actions?

A

Movement of proteins around the neuron; microtubules

20
Q

_________ transport uses kinesins and moves proteins from cell body towards terminal.

A

Anterograde

21
Q

Which type of transport moves proteins towards the cell body and what motor protein is utilized?

A

Retrograde transport; dyneins

22
Q

What is a major concern with retrograde transport?

A

Brings viruses to nucleus

23
Q

T/F: Damaged CNS neurons do not regenerate.

A

TRUE

24
Q

What happens to a damaged CNS neuron?

A

The axons will not reach their target

25
Q

If a patient experiences nerve injury from oral surgery can they recover?

A

Yes depending on severity

26
Q

In a severe nerve injury the cell body will die. If less severe, the cell body will undergo what process?

A

Chromatolysis (swelling)

27
Q

When a neuron is injured it goes through what process of degeneration?

A

Anterograde degeneration

28
Q

Describe the process of nerve regeneration in the PNS.

A
  1. Schwann cells produce laminin
  2. Schwann cells secrete NGF which travels via retrograde transport
  3. NGF regulates gene expression to promote sprouting
29
Q

What cell provides as a source for neuronal glucose?

A

Astrocyte

30
Q

When a neuron is severely injured it can undergo what type of degeneration?

A

Transynaptic degeneration

31
Q

What are the two classifications of synapses?

A

Chemical and Electrical (gap junction)

32
Q

What are the three types of chemical synapses?

A
  1. Axo-somatic
  2. Axo-dendritic
  3. Axo-axonic
33
Q

Describe the actions at a synapse.

A
  1. AP reaches axon terminal
  2. V-gated Ca channels let in Ca
  3. Vesicles release NTs into synapse
  4. NT binds to postsynaptic receptors
  5. NT is removed from synapse
34
Q

In what ways can drugs act on a synaptic junction?

A
  1. Do a multitude of things to affect NT release, uptake, synthesis.
  2. Block/stimulate postsynaptic receptor
  3. Block/stimulate postsynaptic 2nd messenger
35
Q

_______ are released with NTs to modulate their activity.

A

Neuromodulators

36
Q

How is Acetylcholine controlled?

A
  1. Diffusion and degradation by acetylcholinesterase

2. Choline re-uptake by presynaptic neuron

37
Q

Give four examples of neurons that release ACh.

A
  1. Motor neurons
  2. Nucleus basalis and pons
  3. Preganglionic symp. and psymp.
  4. All postganglionic psymp.

SU17: Physiology (9 decks)

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