Peripheral nervous system of the throax Flashcards
drop of blood to intercostal space 1-4 and return to heart on right side - name all vessels
heart - arch of aorta - bracheocephalic trunk - right subclavian artery - costocervical trunk - internal thoracic artery (ventral) and (dorsally) costocervical artery in first 3 - intercostal space
intercostal space - costocervical, azygous vein, and internal thoracic vein
drop of blood to intercostal space 5-12 and return to heart on right side - name all vessels and go through differences
aorta does 4-12 dorsal, ventrally is internal thoracic artery
what is the course of the phrenic nerve - include origin and innervation
from c5,c6,c7 to diaphragm
what is the phrenic nerves spatial relationship to thoracic viscera (mediastinum)
on right and left side ventral to hilus of the lung with mediastinum
difference between fiber types of phrenic nerve and intercostal nerves
same just innervate difference muscles innervated
vagus nerve number and origin
cranial nerve 10 - peripheral nerve with origin in brain
what is the spatial relationship of the vagus nerve in the neck and thorax in relation to other viscera in each region (phrenic nerve)?
- runs in v pattern along esopphagus cranial to diaphragm (dorsal and ventral vagal trunks)
- left and right side on both sides of mediastinum
splits into ventral and dorsal left and right after heart then rejoins before diaphragm
what are the nerve fiber types of the vagus nerve and what muscle groups are innervated, what sensory areas are innervated, and what parasympathetic function do they have?
sympathetic (trunk) and parasympathetic (vagus nerve)
symp innervates - head (motor efferent)
parasymp innervates - (e&a visceral)thoracic viscera, (e&avisceral )ab viscera, lyrnx (e&a somatic)
vagus nerve function
visceral efferent - supplies parasympathetic motor control to viscera in neck, thorax, and abdomen
somatic efferent - intrinsic muscles of the lyrynx, pharynx, and esophagus
afferent - sensory input goes back to brain (85%)
why is the vagosympathetic trunk called that?
becasue it contains both the vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk
what is the function of each nerve fiber type within vagosympathetic trunk?
vagus - innervates parasympathetic
sympathetic trunk - innervates sympathetic
where are the cell bodies for the two neurons in the symapthetic and vagosympathetic pathway to the heart?
cervicothoracic ganglion and middler cervical ganglion
what is the course of the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of the symapthetic and vagosympathetic pathway to the heart?
sympathetic trunk - goes through both middle and cervicalthoracic
vagus nerve - maybe goes through middle cervical then branches off to innervate heart
where do the symapthetic and vagosympathetic pathway act on the heart?
from the sympathetic cardiac nerves and parasympathetic vagus nerve branching off main vagus nerve
what is the effect of the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathway on the heart?
sympathetic - increases HR
parasympathetic - decreases HR
what are the primary components of the immune system in the thoracic cavity?
thymus
what is the location and course of the thymus in the thoracic cavity?
thymus is located in upper left part of mediastinum. large in puppies. not as visible in adults. as develops lies against sternum ventrally. develops T cells
what is the location and course of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes in the thoracic cavity?
lymph vessesl from lobes of lungs to the left, right and middle of this lymph node. lymph is drained to left and right nodes from cranial lobes and caudal lobes drain into middle.
what is the location and course of the thoracic duct in the thoracic cavity?
brings lymph from things caudal to the diaphragm to venous side of circulation.
passes through aortic hilus on right side of mediastinum btwn aorta and esophagus. then on left side of mediastinum to drain in left venous angle
what is the location and course of the mediastinal lymph nodes in the thoracic cavity?
assoc. with heart vessels that run through the dorsal part of the cranial mediastinum. embedded in thymus. L side empty into thoracic duct or left tracheal trunk. R side - right lymph duct or right tracheal trunk
how does lymph traveling in thoracic duct reach the venous system?
lymph vessel joins venous system at venous angle. begins btwn crura of diaphragm
sympathetic trunk to head
efferent fibers
sympathetic trunk to head
efferent fibers go through middle cervical ganglion cranially
sympathetic fibers to neck
efferent pathways that innervate smooth muscles and glands in neck synapse at cervicothoracic ganglion cranially to neck
what nerve accompanies vertebral artery from the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?
vertebral nerve (leaves cervicothoracic ganglion)
left venous angle
junction of left external jugular and left subclavian veins
left venous angle
junction of left external jugular and left subclavian veins
left and right tracheobronchial lymph nodes location
lateral side of each bronchus and trachea.
venous angle
junction of external and internal jugular OR junction of jugular vein and subclavian veins
left and right tracheobronchial lymph nodes location
lateral side of each bronchus and trachea.
what is the thoracic duct
main channel for return of lymph from body
what is the thoracic duct
main channel for return of lymph from body
what is the thoracic duct
main channel for return of lymph from body
tracheobronchial lymph nodes
located at carina - 3
1 - lateral to each principle bronchus
2 and 3- one btwn principle bronchi
tracheobronchial lymph node function
drain lungs, bronchi, pulmonary lymph nodes, thoracic parts of aorta, esophagus, trachea, heart, mediastinum, and diaphragm
