Peripheral nervous system of the throax

Question 1

drop of blood to intercostal space 1-4 and return to heart on right side - name all vessels

Answer 1

heart - arch of aorta - bracheocephalic trunk - right subclavian artery - costocervical trunk - internal thoracic artery (ventral) and (dorsally) costocervical artery in first 3 - intercostal space
intercostal space - costocervical, azygous vein, and internal thoracic vein

Question 2

drop of blood to intercostal space 5-12 and return to heart on right side - name all vessels and go through differences

Answer 2

aorta does 4-12 dorsal, ventrally is internal thoracic artery

Question 3

what is the course of the phrenic nerve - include origin and innervation

Answer 3

from c5,c6,c7 to diaphragm

Question 4

what is the phrenic nerves spatial relationship to thoracic viscera (mediastinum)

Answer 4

on right and left side ventral to hilus of the lung with mediastinum

Question 5

difference between fiber types of phrenic nerve and intercostal nerves

Answer 5

same just innervate difference muscles innervated

Question 6

vagus nerve number and origin

Answer 6

cranial nerve 10 - peripheral nerve with origin in brain

Question 7

what is the spatial relationship of the vagus nerve in the neck and thorax in relation to other viscera in each region (phrenic nerve)?

Answer 7

• runs in v pattern along esopphagus cranial to diaphragm (dorsal and ventral vagal trunks)
• left and right side on both sides of mediastinum
  splits into ventral and dorsal left and right after heart then rejoins before diaphragm

Question 8

what are the nerve fiber types of the vagus nerve and what muscle groups are innervated, what sensory areas are innervated, and what parasympathetic function do they have?

Answer 8

sympathetic (trunk) and parasympathetic (vagus nerve)
symp innervates - head (motor efferent)
parasymp innervates - (e&a visceral)thoracic viscera, (e&avisceral )ab viscera, lyrnx (e&a somatic)

Question 9

vagus nerve function

Answer 9

visceral efferent - supplies parasympathetic motor control to viscera in neck, thorax, and abdomen
somatic efferent - intrinsic muscles of the lyrynx, pharynx, and esophagus
afferent - sensory input goes back to brain (85%)

Question 10

why is the vagosympathetic trunk called that?

Answer 10

becasue it contains both the vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk

Question 11

what is the function of each nerve fiber type within vagosympathetic trunk?

Answer 11

vagus - innervates parasympathetic

sympathetic trunk - innervates sympathetic

Question 12

where are the cell bodies for the two neurons in the symapthetic and vagosympathetic pathway to the heart?

Answer 12

cervicothoracic ganglion and middler cervical ganglion

Question 13

what is the course of the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of the symapthetic and vagosympathetic pathway to the heart?

Answer 13

sympathetic trunk - goes through both middle and cervicalthoracic
vagus nerve - maybe goes through middle cervical then branches off to innervate heart

Question 14

where do the symapthetic and vagosympathetic pathway act on the heart?

Answer 14

from the sympathetic cardiac nerves and parasympathetic vagus nerve branching off main vagus nerve

Question 15

what is the effect of the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathway on the heart?

Answer 15

sympathetic - increases HR

parasympathetic - decreases HR

Question 16

what are the primary components of the immune system in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 16

thymus

Question 17

what is the location and course of the thymus in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 17

thymus is located in upper left part of mediastinum. large in puppies. not as visible in adults. as develops lies against sternum ventrally. develops T cells

Question 18

what is the location and course of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 18

lymph vessesl from lobes of lungs to the left, right and middle of this lymph node. lymph is drained to left and right nodes from cranial lobes and caudal lobes drain into middle.

Question 19

what is the location and course of the thoracic duct in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 19

brings lymph from things caudal to the diaphragm to venous side of circulation.
passes through aortic hilus on right side of mediastinum btwn aorta and esophagus. then on left side of mediastinum to drain in left venous angle

Question 20

what is the location and course of the mediastinal lymph nodes in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 20

assoc. with heart vessels that run through the dorsal part of the cranial mediastinum. embedded in thymus. L side empty into thoracic duct or left tracheal trunk. R side - right lymph duct or right tracheal trunk

Question 21

how does lymph traveling in thoracic duct reach the venous system?

Answer 21

lymph vessel joins venous system at venous angle. begins btwn crura of diaphragm

Question 22

sympathetic trunk to head

Answer 22

efferent fibers

Question 23

sympathetic trunk to head

Answer 23

efferent fibers go through middle cervical ganglion cranially

Question 24

sympathetic fibers to neck

Answer 24

efferent pathways that innervate smooth muscles and glands in neck synapse at cervicothoracic ganglion cranially to neck

Question 25

what nerve accompanies vertebral artery from the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 25

vertebral nerve (leaves cervicothoracic ganglion)

Question 26

left venous angle

Answer 26

junction of left external jugular and left subclavian veins

Question 27

left venous angle

Answer 27

junction of left external jugular and left subclavian veins

Question 28

left and right tracheobronchial lymph nodes location

Answer 28

lateral side of each bronchus and trachea.

Question 29

venous angle

Answer 29

junction of external and internal jugular OR junction of jugular vein and subclavian veins

Question 30

left and right tracheobronchial lymph nodes location

Answer 30

lateral side of each bronchus and trachea.

Question 31

what is the thoracic duct

Answer 31

main channel for return of lymph from body

Question 32

what is the thoracic duct

Answer 32

main channel for return of lymph from body

Question 33

what is the thoracic duct

Answer 33

main channel for return of lymph from body

Question 34

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Answer 34

located at carina - 3
1 - lateral to each principle bronchus
2 and 3- one btwn principle bronchi

Question 35

tracheobronchial lymph node function

Answer 35

drain lungs, bronchi, pulmonary lymph nodes, thoracic parts of aorta, esophagus, trachea, heart, mediastinum, and diaphragm