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PED1003 pharmacology > peripheral nervous system L10-13 > Flashcards

peripheral nervous system L10-13 Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic

A

controls smooth muscle and glands
involuntary
either sympathetic/ parasympathetic

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2
Q

somatic

A

motor innervation of skeletal muscles
voluntary

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3
Q

synthetic enzyme needed for ACh

A

CAT
chlineacetyl transferase

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4
Q

ACh receptor types

A

nicotinic
muscarinic

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5
Q

metabolic enzyme for ACh

A

acetylcholinesterase breaks down into choline + acetate

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6
Q

muscarinic ACh receptor

A

post-ganglionic parasympathetic synapses
G-protein coupled
7 transmembrane spanning
slow

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7
Q

nicotinic ACh

A

sym/para excitatory
NMJ
ligand-gated
4/5 sub-unit structure
ion channel coupled
fast

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8
Q

muscarinic agonist example

A

carbachol/ pilocarpine
(glaucoma treatment via ciliary muscle contraction)
(xerostomia treatment w saliva secretion stimulation)

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9
Q

muscarinic antagonist example

A

atropine-like drugs (pupil dilation/ decrease in oral/ resp secretions)
atropine> bradychardia resus
hyoscine > motion sickness
ipatropium > asthma

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10
Q

neuronal nicotinic agonists

A

activate symp and para systems
excitatory of brain and autonomic ganglia
not clinically useful as autonomic confusion occurs

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11
Q

neuronal nicotinic agonist example

A

suxemethonium
paralysis/ muscle relaxation

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12
Q

neuronal nicotinic antagonist example

A

tubocurarine
hyperpolarization/ EPP inhibition
muscle fibre relaxation and paralysis

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13
Q

noradrenaline receptors

A

alpha/ beta

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14
Q

NA production process

A

tyrosine > DOPA > DA> NA
(tyr hydroxylase) (DOPA decarboxylase) (DA B-hydroxylase)

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15
Q

NA reuptake

A

monoamine oxidase breakdown into amines

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16
Q

NA synthesis/ storage/ release/ receptor interaction/termination

A

tyrosine/ tyrosine hydroxylase etc
vesicle storage
exocytotic release
a/b receptor interaction
terminated via uptake/ recycle via monoamine oxidase

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17
Q

noradrenergic receptors

A

a1/ a2
b1/ b2/ b3
metabotropic
slow

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18
Q

a2

A

presynsaptic
inhibits neurotransmitter release

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19
Q

a1

A

mediate sympathetic effects

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20
Q

b1 effects

A

^HR

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21
Q

B2 effects

A

bronchodilation

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22
Q

B3 effects

A

^lipolysis

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23
Q

NA agonists

A

adrenaline
dobutamine
salbutamol
clenbuterol

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24
Q

adrenaline agonist NA effect

A

all NA (vasoconstriction/ smooth muscle contraction/ cardiac stimulation/ bronchial smooth muscle relaxation)
gut breakdown

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25
clonidine
a2 agonist hypertension treatment reduces NA release
26
dobutamine
selective B1 agonist ^ cardiac rate/ force treats heart failure
27
salbutamol
B2 agonist bronchodilation asthma treatment
28
clenbuterol
B2/ B3 agonist bronchodilation > asthma lipolysis > weight loss
29
NA antagonists
prazosin tamsulson propranolol atenolol timolol
30
prazosin
selective a1 antagonist hypertension treatment via orthostatic / postural hypotension
31
tamsulson
selective a1 antagonist treatment for prostate hyperplasia
32
propranolol
B1/B2 antagonist treats angina/ hypotension :(bronchoconstriction
33
atenolol
B1 antagonist angina/ hypotension treatment :(receptor supersensitivity
34
timolol
B2 antagonist treats glaucoma via ciliary contraction
35
methyldopa
false substrate for DOPA decarboxylase, decreasing NA conc hypertension treatment
36
reserpine
disrupts storage of NA in vesicles hypertension treatment
37
desipramine
tricyclic antidepressants
38
reboxetine
selective NA reuptake inhibitors
39
trangicypramine
blocks MAO
40
respiration regulation processes
autonomic regulation (resp centre in bronchial smooth muscle) voluntary control (cortex) spontaneous rythmic discharge (resp centre in medulla oblongata)
41
parasympathetic innervation of autonomic regulation
bronchoconstriction and ^mucus secretions glands/ vascular and smooth muscle
42
sympathetic innervation
bronchodilation and smooth muscle relaxation bronchial smooth muscle
43
3 neuronal pathways
sympathetic innervation parasympathetic innervation NANC (noradrenergic noncholinergic) innervation
44
factors affecting respiration
endogenous stimuli exogenous chemicals physical stimuli
45
asthma
smooth muscle contraction and therefore airway obstruction mucus hypersecretion airway inflammation
46
asthma phases
immediate (bronchocontriction) delayed (inflammation/ airway damage)
47
bronchospasm
initial mast cell interaction, mucus secretion, chemotoxin release
48
inflammation
cytokine influx, oedema, mucus secretion tissue damage
49
bronchospasm treatment
bronchodilator B2 agonist muscarinic antagonist
50
B2 adrenergic agonist asthma short/ long term treatment
short > salbutamol long > salmeterol
51
xanthines
caffeine theobromine derivatives bronchodilation anti inflam
52
xanthine example
theophylline narrow TI / well-absorbed
53
glucocorticoid function
anti inflam
54
sodium cromolyn
mast cell stabilizer prevents histimine and inflam release
55
anti-asthma drug side effects
B2 recep agonist> tremor/ tolerance glucocorticoids> cushing xanthines > tremor/ tachycardia
56
v-gated ion channel components
a, B1, B2
57
alpha sub-unit of v-gated channel
single polypeptide of 4 domains w 6 a-helical regions hydrophobic domains w sensors changing orientation w voltage
58
B sub-unit of v-gated channel
B2 covalently linked to a both banchor to lipid membrane
59
local anaesthetic interaction on v-gated ion channel
binds in ionised form to a sub-unit to physically plug
60
anaesthetic general structure
aromatic group (lipid solubility) ester/ amide (hydrolysis determining duration/ esters metabolised in plasma by esterases and amides metabolised by CYP in liver) amine group (ionization at physio pH)
61
anaesthetic process
1. injected as HCl in acid solution 2. dissociates and pH^ 3. free base enters axon 4. re-ionized portion enters Na+ channels
62
anaesthetic manipulation
coadmin of adrenaline prolongs duration alkaline solution accelerates onset speed
63
nosciceptive fibres vs motor axons
small diameter and v sensitive vs large diameter and less sensitive
64
use-dependent block
depth of block increases w increasing a.p frequency
65
3 ion channel states
resting open inactive

PED1003 pharmacology (6 decks)

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