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PED1003 pharmacology > peripheral nervous system L10-13 > Flashcards

peripheral nervous system L10-13 Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic

A

controls smooth muscle and glands
involuntary
either sympathetic/ parasympathetic

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2
Q

somatic

A

motor innervation of skeletal muscles
voluntary

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3
Q

synthetic enzyme needed for ACh

A

CAT
chlineacetyl transferase

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4
Q

ACh receptor types

A

nicotinic
muscarinic

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5
Q

metabolic enzyme for ACh

A

acetylcholinesterase breaks down into choline + acetate

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6
Q

muscarinic ACh receptor

A

post-ganglionic parasympathetic synapses
G-protein coupled
7 transmembrane spanning
slow

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7
Q

nicotinic ACh

A

sym/para excitatory
NMJ
ligand-gated
4/5 sub-unit structure
ion channel coupled
fast

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8
Q

muscarinic agonist example

A

carbachol/ pilocarpine
(glaucoma treatment via ciliary muscle contraction)
(xerostomia treatment w saliva secretion stimulation)

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9
Q

muscarinic antagonist example

A

atropine-like drugs (pupil dilation/ decrease in oral/ resp secretions)
atropine> bradychardia resus
hyoscine > motion sickness
ipatropium > asthma

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10
Q

neuronal nicotinic agonists

A

activate symp and para systems
excitatory of brain and autonomic ganglia
not clinically useful as autonomic confusion occurs

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11
Q

neuronal nicotinic agonist example

A

suxemethonium
paralysis/ muscle relaxation

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12
Q

neuronal nicotinic antagonist example

A

tubocurarine
hyperpolarization/ EPP inhibition
muscle fibre relaxation and paralysis

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13
Q

noradrenaline receptors

A

alpha/ beta

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14
Q

NA production process

A

tyrosine > DOPA > DA> NA
(tyr hydroxylase) (DOPA decarboxylase) (DA B-hydroxylase)

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15
Q

NA reuptake

A

monoamine oxidase breakdown into amines

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16
Q

NA synthesis/ storage/ release/ receptor interaction/termination

A

tyrosine/ tyrosine hydroxylase etc
vesicle storage
exocytotic release
a/b receptor interaction
terminated via uptake/ recycle via monoamine oxidase

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17
Q

noradrenergic receptors

A

a1/ a2
b1/ b2/ b3
metabotropic
slow

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18
Q

a2

A

presynsaptic
inhibits neurotransmitter release

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19
Q

a1

A

mediate sympathetic effects

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20
Q

b1 effects

A

^HR

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21
Q

B2 effects

A

bronchodilation

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22
Q

B3 effects

A

^lipolysis

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23
Q

NA agonists

A

adrenaline
dobutamine
salbutamol
clenbuterol

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24
Q

adrenaline agonist NA effect

A

all NA (vasoconstriction/ smooth muscle contraction/ cardiac stimulation/ bronchial smooth muscle relaxation)
gut breakdown

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25
Q

clonidine

A

a2 agonist
hypertension treatment
reduces NA release

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26
Q

dobutamine

A

selective B1 agonist
^ cardiac rate/ force
treats heart failure

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27
Q

salbutamol

A

B2 agonist
bronchodilation
asthma treatment

28
Q

clenbuterol

A

B2/ B3 agonist
bronchodilation > asthma
lipolysis > weight loss

29
Q

NA antagonists

A

prazosin
tamsulson
propranolol
atenolol
timolol

30
Q

prazosin

A

selective a1 antagonist
hypertension treatment via orthostatic / postural hypotension

31
Q

tamsulson

A

selective a1 antagonist
treatment for prostate hyperplasia

32
Q

propranolol

A

B1/B2 antagonist
treats angina/ hypotension
:(bronchoconstriction

33
Q

atenolol

A

B1 antagonist
angina/ hypotension treatment
:(receptor supersensitivity

34
Q

timolol

A

B2 antagonist
treats glaucoma via ciliary contraction

35
Q

methyldopa

A

false substrate for DOPA decarboxylase, decreasing NA conc
hypertension treatment

36
Q

reserpine

A

disrupts storage of NA in vesicles
hypertension treatment

37
Q

desipramine

A

tricyclic antidepressants

38
Q

reboxetine

A

selective NA reuptake inhibitors

39
Q

trangicypramine

A

blocks MAO

40
Q

respiration regulation processes

A

autonomic regulation (resp centre in bronchial smooth muscle)
voluntary control (cortex)
spontaneous rythmic discharge (resp centre in medulla oblongata)

41
Q

parasympathetic innervation of autonomic regulation

A

bronchoconstriction and ^mucus secretions
glands/ vascular and smooth muscle

42
Q

sympathetic innervation

A

bronchodilation and smooth muscle relaxation
bronchial smooth muscle

43
Q

3 neuronal pathways

A

sympathetic innervation
parasympathetic innervation
NANC (noradrenergic noncholinergic) innervation

44
Q

factors affecting respiration

A

endogenous stimuli
exogenous chemicals
physical stimuli

45
Q

asthma

A

smooth muscle contraction and therefore airway obstruction
mucus hypersecretion
airway inflammation

46
Q

asthma phases

A

immediate (bronchocontriction)
delayed (inflammation/ airway damage)

47
Q

bronchospasm

A

initial mast cell interaction, mucus secretion, chemotoxin release

48
Q

inflammation

A

cytokine influx, oedema, mucus secretion
tissue damage

49
Q

bronchospasm treatment

A

bronchodilator
B2 agonist
muscarinic antagonist

50
Q

B2 adrenergic agonist asthma short/ long term treatment

A

short > salbutamol
long > salmeterol

51
Q

xanthines

A

caffeine theobromine derivatives
bronchodilation
anti inflam

52
Q

xanthine example

A

theophylline
narrow TI / well-absorbed

53
Q

glucocorticoid function

A

anti inflam

54
Q

sodium cromolyn

A

mast cell stabilizer
prevents histimine and inflam release

55
Q

anti-asthma drug side effects

A

B2 recep agonist> tremor/ tolerance
glucocorticoids> cushing
xanthines > tremor/ tachycardia

56
Q

v-gated ion channel components

A

a, B1, B2

57
Q

alpha sub-unit of v-gated channel

A

single polypeptide of 4 domains w 6 a-helical regions
hydrophobic domains w sensors changing orientation w voltage

58
Q

B sub-unit of v-gated channel

A

B2 covalently linked to a
both banchor to lipid membrane

59
Q

local anaesthetic interaction on v-gated ion channel

A

binds in ionised form to a sub-unit to physically plug

60
Q

anaesthetic general structure

A

aromatic group (lipid solubility)
ester/ amide (hydrolysis determining duration/ esters metabolised in plasma by esterases and amides metabolised by CYP in liver)
amine group (ionization at physio pH)

61
Q

anaesthetic process

A
  1. injected as HCl in acid solution
  2. dissociates and pH^
  3. free base enters axon
  4. re-ionized portion enters Na+ channels
62
Q

anaesthetic manipulation

A

coadmin of adrenaline prolongs duration
alkaline solution accelerates onset speed

63
Q

nosciceptive fibres vs motor axons

A

small diameter and v sensitive vs large diameter and less sensitive

64
Q

use-dependent block

A

depth of block increases w increasing a.p frequency

65
Q

3 ion channel states

A

resting
open
inactive

PED1003 pharmacology (6 decks)

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