Drugs and the endocrine system L17-18 Flashcards

1
Q

disorders of the endocrine system

A

Cushing’s
diabetes
Cancer
acromegaly
Hyperthyroidism

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2
Q

2 hormone classes

A

streoid
non-steroid

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3
Q

steroid hormones

A

cholesterol synthesised (lipophilic/ hydrophobic)
intracellular receptors
slow action
e.g. cortisol/ oestrogen/ testosterone/ progesterone

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4
Q

non-steroid hormones

A

polypeptides/ modified amino acids
lipophobic/ hydrophilic
cell surface receptors
rapid action
e.g. tyrosine/ tryptophan

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5
Q

cortisol function

A

acts on metabolism of anterior lobe

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6
Q

ADH function

A

regulates water levels/ blood volume

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7
Q

factors controlling hormone levels

A

neuronal
tropic (another hormone stimulating)
substrate control (circ blood levels of substrate)
feedback control (threshold)

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8
Q

oestrogen effects

A

follicular maturation/ ^tubal mobility
endometrium proliferation
lactation duct growth/ prolactin ^
FSH inhibition
breast development

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9
Q

progesterone effects

A

prepares endometrium for fertilized ovum implantation
GnRH/FSH/LH inhibition
regulates cycle/ ovulation
decreases tube motility/ uterine contractions
inhibits prolactin

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10
Q

hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

A

GnRH pulsatile generator in hypothalamus arcuate nucleus > bloodstream release/ a pituitary gland
FSH/LH release binds to receptor on target cells, oestrogen/progesterone release

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11
Q

FSH release

A

granulosa cells of graafian follicle
oestrogen based

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12
Q

LH release

A

corpus luteum
oestrogen/ progesterone based

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13
Q

menstrual cycle overview

A
  1. FSH^ for follicular development
    oestrogen ^ > LH surge
  2. ovulation
  3. corpus luteum > prog/oest secretion
  4. progesterone/oestrogen decrease
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14
Q

no fertilisation

A

CL regression
prog/oes decrease
endometrium shedding
cycle repeat

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15
Q

fertilisation

A

ovum secretes HCG
progesterone secretion from CL
endometrium maintenance
thickened cervical mucus
GRH/FSH/LH inhibition prevents further follicular development

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16
Q

combination pill

A

ER/PR agonist
ER> inhibits FSH secretion w neg feedback/ ovarian follicular development
PR> inhibits LH secretion via - feedback/ ^cervical mucus

17
Q

progesterone only pill

A

PR agonist
decreases LH
^cervical mucus
blocks ovulation/ LH surge

18
Q

contragestation example

A

mifepristone
PR antagonist

19
Q

menopause replacement therapy

A

ER/PR agonist

20
Q

ovulation induction

A

FSH/LH/ER agonist

21
Q

cancer chemotherapy

A

ER antagonists/ SERMs

22
Q

SERM

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

23
Q

breast cancer treatments

A

tamoxifen (SERM) > comp inhibitor of estradiol binding to ER forming dimer from cytosol to nucleus to bind to DNA (unstable complex) hormonal growth signal turned off
anastrozole (aromatase inhibitor) > hormonal growth/survival signal turned off/ decreased cell prolif