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Neurology Lectures > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What causes shingles?

A

Acute infection of the peripheral nervous system caused by Herpes zoster virus, same organism that causes chicken pox with the virus lying dormant after a previous infection in peripheral nerve ganglia(DRG)

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2
Q

What can reactivate herpes zoster virus in the nerve ganglia

A

Stress, illness and immunosuppression

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3
Q

What are signs of shingles?

A

Localized or radicular pain, rashes along the distribution of the peripheral nerve leading to blisters and skin discoloration

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4
Q

How can shingles be treated?

A

Gabapentin helps symptomatic treatment

High dose of acyclovir is used to surprises the virus.

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5
Q

What is the paralysis of all 4 limbs and the torso/trunk due to spinal cord injury

A

Quadriplegia

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6
Q

What is the paralysis of one upper limb, trunk, lower limb on one side of the body?

A

Hemiplegia

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7
Q

What is diplegia?

A

Paralysis of symmetrical parts of the body, can be both upper limbs or both lower limbs or other regions

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8
Q

What is paraplegia?

A

Paralysis of both lower limbs and regions below the hips

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9
Q

What is monoplegia?

A

Paralysis of one limb or an area of the body.

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10
Q

Give 2 directions of fibers

A

Afferent and efferent

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11
Q

Give 4 types of fibers

A

Somatic motor/sensory

Visceral sensory

Autonomic(visceral) motor parasympathetic

Autonomic (visceral) motor sympathetic

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of injuries to C1-C3?

A

No function from the neck down, a ventilator will be needed as well as an electric wheelchair with breath, head or shoulder-controlled device

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of injuries to C4-C5.?

A

Diaphragm is affected, C3 contribution may allow for some mild breathing after injury to C4-C5

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of injury to C6 - C7

A

Manual wheel chair will be required, functionality in some arm and chest muscles which allows for feeding

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15
Q

What are the symptoms for injuries to T10- L1?

A

Most thigh muscles affected, therefore leading to walking with long leg braces.

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16
Q

What are the symptoms for injuries to L1-L2?

A

Most leg muscles affected, causing patient to walk with short leg braces

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17
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of the skin that is supplied (cutaneous innervation) by a single spinal nerve/spinal cord level

18
Q

What is plexus?

A

A combination of fibers from different levels of spinal cord

19
Q

What are the major somatic plexus?

A

Cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral

20
Q

What is the brachial plexus formed by?

A

The anterior rami from C5-T1

21
Q

What forms the lumbar plexus?

A

The anterior rami from L1-L4

22
Q

What forms the sacral plexus?

A

Formed by anterior rami of S1-S4

23
Q

What is sensory flow of information?

A
  1. Dorsal/ventral rami
  2. Spinal nerve
  3. Root
  4. Rootlets
  5. Dorsal horn
24
Q

What is the motor flow of information?

A
  1. Ventral horn
  2. Rootlets
  3. Root
  4. Spinal nerve dorsal/ventral rami
25
Q

For the anterior root, where are the cell bodies located

A

Located in the gray matter (remember shape of a motor neuron)

26
Q

For the posterior root of spinal nerves, where is the cell body located?

A

Located in the dorsal root ganglia

27
Q

What kind of neurons are in the anterior root?

A

Efferent neurons

28
Q

What kind of neurons are in the posterior toot?

A

Afferent neurons

29
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of the skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve/nerve cord

30
Q

What spinal nerve supplies the posterior thigh?

A

S2

31
Q

What spinal nerve supplies the Anterior thigh?

A

L2

32
Q

What spinal nerve supplies the umbilicus?

A

T10

33
Q

What spinal nerve supplies the nipple?

A

T4

34
Q

What spinal nerve supplies the 5th digit?

A

C8

35
Q

What does the cervical plexus innervate?

A

The back of the Head and some neck muscles

36
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus innervate

A

Thigh muscles, muscles of the abdominal wallls and external genitalia

37
Q

Where does the sacral plexus innervate?

A

The pelvis and lower limb

38
Q

What does the small dorsal Ramus supply?

A

The back

39
Q

What does the large ventral ramus?

A

Supplies limbs

40
Q

A plexus can have ______________ or _____________ fibers

A

Somatic

Visceral

Neurology Lectures (5 decks)

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