Autonomics

Question 1

What are the components of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 2

At which levels of the spinal cord is the sympathetic nervous system present?

Answer 2

T1-L2

Question 3

At what levels is the parasympathetic nervous system present?

Answer 3

Cranial nerves as well as S2-S4

Question 4

Contrast the somatic and autonomic nervous system in terms of the spinal levels at which they are present

Answer 4

Somatic- all levels of the spinal cord

Autonomic- T1-L2 (SNS), cranial nerves for S2-S4(PNS)

Question 5

Contrast the somatic and autonomic nervous system in terms of the cranial nerves they are comprised of

Answer 5

Somatic- all cranial nerves

Autonomic- cranial nerves 3,7,9 and 10

Question 6

Compare autonomic and somatic nervous systems in terms of which systems they are present in

Answer 6

Both are present in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 7

Contrast autonomic and somatic nervous system in terms of body parts they control

Answer 7

Somatic- body wall and limbs

Autonomic- Viscera, blood vessels and glands

Question 8

Compare and contrast neuron types in somatic and autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

Sensory(afferent) and motor(efferent)- Somatic

Sympathetic and parasympathetic( both efferent)- Autonomic

Question 9

In sympathetic innervation to abdominal organs, do preganglionic axons with cellbodies in the lateral horn from T5-L2 enter the chain, do they pass through ganglia without synapsing?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What happens after preganglionic axons pass through ganglia

Answer 10

Preganglionic fibers/ splachnic nerves leave the medial aspect of the chain ganglia and synapse at a sympathetic ganglion along the abdominal aorta

Question 11

What is the final step in synaptic innervation to abdominal organic

Answer 11

Postganglionic fibers then travel along arteries to the GI tract

Question 12

Explain the first part of the parasympathetic innervation

Answer 12

Axons travel from cell bodies in lateral horn like area( S2-S4) to ventral(motor) roots to spinal nerves and then ventral rami of S2, S3 and S4.

Question 13

Explain the next step of parasympathetic innervation after axons travel to ventral rami of S2-S4.

Answer 13

Axons then jump off the ventral rami as Pelvic splachnic nerves to enter the inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus

Question 14

Where are postganglionic parasympathetic nerves located?

Answer 14

Located at or in the walls of target organs in the pelvis

Question 15

Describe and give examples of the functions of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

-fight or flight
Pupils dilate
Increase heart rate
Vessel dilation
Airway dilation
Increased sweating
Decrease GIT activity

Question 16

Describe and give examples of the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

Rest and digest
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Digestion
Defecation

Question 17

Contrast sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in terms of the organs which nerves travel to

Answer 17

Parasympathetic- goes only to internal organs and salivary glands

Sympathetic- Goes everywhere

Question 18

What is the main control center for the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 18

Hypothalamus

Question 19

What is the function of visceral sensory neurons?

Answer 19

Send input from the autonomic nervous system to CNS

Question 20

Contrast the synapse axon pattern of the Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

Sympathetic= short axon, synapse, long axon

Parasympathetic= long axon, synapse, short axon

Question 21

What can sympathetic neurons possibly synapse through?

Answer 21

Adrenal medulla or autonomic ganglion

Question 22

What can parasympathetic neurons possibly synapse through?

Answer 22

Autonomic ganglion

Question 23

Which visceral sensations are conscious?

Answer 23

Those that result in pain

Question 24

Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferent found?

Answer 24

Dorsal root ganglia of the spinal segment

Question 25

Do synapses occur in the dorsal root ganglion?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Visceral afferent usually traveling along parasympathetics usually mediate what kind of sensation?

Answer 26

Unconscious sensations such as atrial stretch and or GI stretch

Question 27

Visceral afferents traveling along sympathetics mediate what kind of sensation ?

Answer 27

Conscious sensations, usually painful, heart attack pain, gall bladder pain etc.

Question 28

Which part of the nervous system conveys touch, proprioception, temperature and special senses?

Answer 28

Somatic Nervous system

Question 29

Can the autonomic nervous system be influenced by the somatic nervous system?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Name locations of potential cells for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Answer 30

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

Question 31

What synapses through the adrenal medulla?

Answer 31

Sympathetic preganglionic neuron

Question 32

Where are the cell bodies of visceral afferents?

Answer 32

Dorsal root ganglia