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Neurology Lectures > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves are extensions of the forebrain?

A

CN I-II (Olfactory nerve and optic nerve)

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2
Q

Which cranial nerves exit from the brain stem?

A

CN III-XII exit from the brainstem except XI

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3
Q

Describe the olfactory nerve

A

Responsible for smell, purely sensory

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4
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Inability to smell

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5
Q

What number is the number of optic nerve?

A

Cranial. Nerve 2

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6
Q

What number is the olfactory nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 1

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7
Q

What nerve number is the oculomotor nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 3

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8
Q

What nerve number is the trochlear nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 4

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9
Q

What cranial nerves lead to the diencephalon?

A

Cranial nerves 1 and 2

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10
Q

What cranial nerves lead to the mid brain?

A

Cranial nerves 3 and 4

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11
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?

A

Cranial nerve 6- abducens

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12
Q

What nerve supplies the Superior obliques of the eye?

A

Cranial nerve 4- trochlear

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the inferior rectus of the eye?

A

Cranial nerve 3- oculomotor nerve

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14
Q

What nerve supplies the superior rectus of the eye?

A

Cranial nerve 3- oculomotor

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15
Q

Describe otitis media

A

An acute infection of the middle ear caused mainly by bacteria and associated with infections of the nose and throat

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of otitis media?

A

Pain, malaise, fever, reddening and outward bulging of eardrum, possibly hearing loss and pure lent discharge from the ear

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17
Q

What are the primary cause of ear infections?

A

Bacteria passing into the auditory tube from the nasopharynx

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18
Q

Why are children more susceptible than adults to middle ear infections?

A

Their auditory tubes are almost horizontal, which decreases drainage

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19
Q

Describe a common method of treating otitis media?

A

A surgical method called tympanotomy, consists of the insertion of a small tube into the eardrum to drain fluid from the middle ear

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20
Q

What nerve supplies the mid rectus of the eye?

A

Cranial nerve 3

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21
Q

What nerve supplies the inferior oblique?

A

Cranial nerve 3- oculomotor nerve

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22
Q

What nerve supplies 1/3 of the taste receptors of the tongue?

A

Cranial nerve 9- glossopharyngeal

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23
Q

What cranial nerve supplies 2/3 of the taste receptors of the tongue?

A

Cranial nerve 7

24
Q

What cranial nerve supplies almost all the muscles of the tongue?

A

Cranial nerve 12 hypoglossal nerve

25
Q

Describe and name the 8th cranial nerve

A

Vestibule-cochlear, sensory cranial nerve and goes to the innner ear, not leaving the skull

26
Q

Name and describe the function of the 8th cranial nerve

A

Vestibulo-cochlear nerve- sensory, hearing and balance

27
Q

What eye muscles do the abducens(cranial nerve 6) control?

A

Motor and lateral rectus muscle

28
Q

Which eye muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

A

Superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique

29
Q

What 3 areas of the face do the trigeminal nerve innervate?

A

Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Mandibular

30
Q

What kind of roots do the trigeminal nerve send to each area of the face?

A

Ophthalmic- sensory

Maxillary- sensory

Mandibular- sensory and motor

31
Q

What cranial nerve(s) exit from the midbrain?

A

Cranial nerves 3 and 4, Oculomotor and Trochlear

32
Q

What cranial nerve(s) exit from the pons?

A

Cranial nerve 5- trigeminal nerve

33
Q

What may occur due to damage to the CN VII facial nerve?

A

Bell’s palsy- dropping eye, loss of nasolabial fold, drooping corner of mouth

34
Q

What is myopia? Causes , symptoms

A

Myopia is nearsightedness, caused by an eyeball being too long relative to the focusing power of the corne and lens or lens is thicker than usual. Causes images to be formed in front of the retina, allowing only nearby objects to be seen clearly

35
Q

How can myopia be treated?

A

Treated with a concave lens

36
Q

What is farsightedness.

A

Hyperopia is farsightedness and images form behind the retina

37
Q

How is hyperopia corrected?

A

With a converging lens/ convex

38
Q

What ade some indicators of Cranial nerve 3/ oculomitor nerve damage?

A

Right eye: downward and outward gaze, dilated pupil, eyelid manually elevated due to ptosis

Left: normal

39
Q

What cranial nerve exits from the pons?

A

CN-V Trigeminal nerve

40
Q

What are the 2 visual fields?

A

Nasal

Temporal

41
Q

What is bitemporal hemianopsia?

A

A type of partial blindness when vision is missing on the outer halves of the eyes

42
Q

What is homonymous hemianopia?

A

This is partial blindness of the temporAl field in one eye and nasal field in the other eye

43
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the ciliary muscles?

A

Oculomotor CN 3

44
Q

Is the facial motor or sensory?

A

Both

45
Q

What is the name of the ganglion on the facial nerve?

A

Geniculate ganglion

46
Q

What are the ganglion of the glassopharyngeal nerve?

A

Superior ganglion

Inferior ganglion

Optic ganglion

47
Q

What are the ganglia of the Vagus nerve?

A

Superior ganglion

Inferior ganglion

48
Q

Which nerves have a ganglion/ ganglia?

A

7,9 and 10

49
Q

From where does CN VI arise?

A

The puntomedularry junction

50
Q

Where does the Vagus nerve leave the brain?

A

Medulla oblangata

51
Q

Explain the innervation of gustatory receptor cells

A

Facial nerve innervates the first 2/3 of the tongue while the glossopharyngeal innervates the posterior 1/3 of taste receptors

52
Q

What Nerve innervates almost all the muscles of the tongue?

A

The hypoglossal nerve CN 12

53
Q

What nerve is responsible for secretion from certain salivary glands?( damage to this nerve causes Bell’s Palsy

A

Facial nerve CN 7

54
Q

What nerve innervates the palatine tonsil. In addition to the carotid body and carotid sinus?

A

The Glossopharyngeal nerve

55
Q

What nerve innervates the carotid body, sinus and larynx and other structures

A

The Vagus nerve

56
Q

What 2 muscles do the accessory nerve innervates?

A

Trapezius muscle and sternocleidomastoid

Neurology Lectures (5 decks)

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