Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

What is in the PNS?

Answer 1

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Peripheral parts of the autonomic nervous system

Question 2

Cranial Nerves

Answer 2

Exit at the CNS at different levels of the brainstem and at the top of the spinal cord

Speech: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12
Hearing: 8

Question 3

How are cranial nerves connected?

Answer 3

Nerve fiber bundles are surrounded by connective tissue
Efferent/Afferent/both

Synapse in the cranial nerve nuclei is embedded in the brainstem

Question 4

Spinal Nerves

Answer 4

Dorsal/Ventral/Both

Lesions/damage can cause motor or sensory loss below the level of the lesion

If C3-5, there may be problems with breathing and speech (volume, breath groups, fatigue)

Question 5

Autonomic Nervous System

Role in speech?

Answer 5

Innervates involuntary structures: glands, muscles, organs

3 divisions:
Enteric (swallowing, digestion)
Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic (relaxation)