Neuronal Microstructure Flashcards
Neurons
Process info (send & support)
Neuroglia
“Glue”
Supply nutrients and oxygen
Insulate from electrical charges
Destry pathogens, repair, etc.
Types of glial cells
Astrocytes
Maintain ion balance between blood vessels neurons
Oligodendrites
Connect to axons and form myelin to speed up information
Microglial Cells
Takes out debris
Ependymal Cells
Lines fluid-filled cavities
Ciliated to carry out toxins
Neuronal Anatomy
Cell body Neurites -Dendrites -Axons ->Hillock, proper, collateral, terminal
Action Potential
Sends chemical neurotransmitters
- Travels from neuron to axon terminal
- Impulse signals release of chemical/neurotransmitters isn’t cleft
- Post synaptic neuron receives neurotransmitter
- Triggers action potential in postsynaptic neuron
Theory of Divergence/Convergence
Divergence: branching of axons means an increased opportunity or spreads impulses
Convergence: dense connections
Cortical reorganization/neuroplasticity
Anterograde/Retrograde
?
Sensory Receptors
Exteroceptors - seeking, hearing, smelling, etc.
Proprioceptors - location of body, deeper in joints
Interceptors - visceral pain and pressure
Agnosia
Inability to interpret sensory stimuli (though primary cortices are intact!)
Visual, auditory, tactile, prosopagnosia
Somatosensory Pathways
1st Order: cranial nerves, spinal nerves, synapses with 2nd order in gray matter
2nd: cross midline
3rd: thalamus to cortex by channeling and integrating sensorimotor info
Oral Sensation
Trigeminal =pain, pressure, temp, proprioception of face
1st order: periphery to central
Glossopharyngeal - tongue taste, temp, texture, pain
Vision
Projects light into back surface (retina) of eyeball, reversing and inverting beforehand. Cones and rods are triggered and send electrical signals
