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Physiology Module 1 > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Function

A

Information coming into the CNS
Neurons can have 200,000 synapses from input fibers!

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2
Q

List different types of receptors and their stimuli.

A

mechanoreceptors : mechanical stimuli
electromagnetic : light
thermoreceptors : temperature chemoreceptors : chemicals
nociceptors : pain

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3
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

mechanical

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4
Q

electromagnetic

A

light

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5
Q

thermoreceptors

A

temperature

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6
Q

chemoreceptors

A

chemicals

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7
Q

nociceptors

A

pain

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8
Q

Receptor Potentials

A

Graded potentials
Stimulus causes change in membrane potential of receptor
EPSP or IPSP
If that receptor(graded) potential depolarizes to threshold, an AP will be sent to the CNS

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9
Q

Sensory Transduction

A

Transduce: to convert something into another form
In physiology, we are converting detected things (temperature, pain, light waves, etc.) into APs
APs are the only signals going into the CNS

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10
Q

Explain how sensory receptors transduce stimulus energy into electrical signal that can be used by the nervous system .

A

Graded potentials occur due to sensory receptor stimuli , causing a change in the membrane potential .

Sensory transduction is the process of converting sensory stimuli into APs , which are the only thing that travel to the CNS.

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11
Q

Explain how the CNS integrates sensory information to allow
perception.

A

perception is achieved through the combination of 4 concepts :
I. Modality principle :
different receptors detect and send signals for different types of stimuli
they send signals to different areas of the cerebral cortex
2. Location :
receptors throughout the body detect stimuli from different sections of the body
3. Intensity:
many APs in a row will send a more intense signal to CNS
4. Duration :
the duration of the AP will tell the CNS the duration of the stimulus

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12
Q

Modality/Labeled Line Principle

A

Different types of receptors are sensitive only to specific things
Those receptors send signals to specific areas of cerebral cortex

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13
Q

Location

A

Receptive fields for each area of body go to specific areas of cerebral cortex

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14
Q

Intensity

A

All APs are the same strength
In order to communicate a stronger signal,
more frequent APs are sent

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15
Q

Duration

A

Duration of AP tells CNS duration of stimulus (unless adaptation has occurred)

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16
Q

Adaptation

A

Receptors initially respond to stimulus
APs become less frequent
APs may stop completely

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17
Q

Describe sensory adaptation

A

Receptors will initially respond to a stimulus , but if there are continued stimuli that are not perceived as
dangerous or necessary , APs may slow or stop depending on the type of receptor.
ex.
feeling the clothes on your body

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18
Q

dorsal column (medial lemniscal) pathway

A

sends information to the brain regarding vibration ,
fine touch , and proprioception .
Sensory neurons in the body send signals to 1° cell body in the dorsal root ganglion , and the 2° neuron crosses the midline in the medulla

19
Q

Anterolateral pathway

A

sends information to the brain regarding pain and coarse touch .
Sensory neurons
throughout the body send signals to the 1° cell body in the dorsal root gangIia of the spinal cord .
The 2° neuron
crosses the midline in the spinal cord,making this pathway faster.

20
Q

Describe the primary motor pathway .

A

The primary motor pathway is the corticospinal tract , which carries signals from CNS to coordinate movement. The tract crosses over in the medulla.

21
Q

Distinguish between innate and learned reflexes, monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, and autonomic and motor reflexes.

A

Innate reflexes are apparent from birth while learned reflexes must develop.
Monosynaptic reflexes only involve 1 sensory neuron synapsing with 1
motor neuron , while polysynaptic reflexes may involve multiple or interneurons.
Autonomic reflexes are unconscious motor reflexes in organs or glands while
somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscle contraction.

22
Q

Innate vs. learned

A

are apparent from birth while learned reflexes must develop.

23
Q

Monosynaptic vs. polysynaptic

A

Monosynaptic reflexes only involve 1 sensory neuron synapsing with 1motor neuron ,

while polysynaptic reflexes may involve multiple or interneurons.

24
Q

Somatic vs. autonomic

A

Autonomic reflexes are unconscious motor reflexes in organs or glands while
somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscle contraction.

25
Q

Classification of Reflexes

A

Innate vs. learned
Monosynaptic vs. polysynaptic
Brain vs. spinal cord
Somatic vs. autonomic

26
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic axon

A

short

27
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic axon

A

long

28
Q

Sympathetic neurotransmitter

A

Ach and Norepinephrine

29
Q

Sympathetic Receptors

A

Nicotinic (cholinergic ) and adrenergic

30
Q

Sympathetic 2 Messenger

A

G Alpha Q, I, S

31
Q

Sympathetic Target Tissues

A

Heart, intestines, pupil, bladder, genetalia, salivary glands

32
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic axon

A

Long

33
Q

Parasympathetic postganglionic axon

A

Short

34
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter

A

Ach

35
Q

Parasympathetic Receptors

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

36
Q

Sympathetic Target Tissues

A

Heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, intestines, kidneys, bladder,
genetalia

37
Q

Alpha 1 Receptor

A

coupled to G Alpha Q which activates PLC

38
Q

Alpha 2 Receptor

A

coupled to G Alpha I which inhibits adenylyl cyclase

39
Q

Beta 1
Beta 2
Beta 3

A

coupled to G Alpha S that activates adenylyl cyclase

40
Q

Describe how the adrenal medulla works with the ANS

A

The adrenal medulla is a modified post -
ganglionic cell b/c it contains chromatin cells that secrete
epinephrine in response to a signal from the preganglionic neuron .

41
Q

Explain how the ANS maintains homeostasis using
antagonistic control .

A

For certain organs of the body , the parasympathetic and sympathetic
nervous systems have opposing effects in order to maintain homeostasis.

42
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neuron travels to adrenal medulla
Chromaffin cells
Modified post-ganglionic cells
Secrete epinephrine (and some norepinephrine)

43
Q

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neuron

A

travels to adrenal medulla

44
Q

Chromaffin cells

A

Modified post-ganglionic cells
Secrete epinephrine (and some norepinephrine)

Physiology Module 1 (6 decks)

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