Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Module 1 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

describe the structure function of the parts of a neuron

A

the neuron is composed of
① a cell body which is the integrating center that processes info
② branched dendrites which bring in incoming info to the neuron from other neurons , receptors , etc.
③ axon which carries outgoing info to send to other neurons, target cells ,etc 1- carry APs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brains & Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

All outside CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensory/Afferent Division

A

Signals to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Motor/Efferent Division

A

Signals from CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Visceral Sensory

A

Internal Conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Somatosensory

A

Touch, pain, temp., etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Visceral Motor

A

Autonomic System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Somatic Motor

A

Skeletal Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight or Flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous system

A

Rest and Digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dendrites

A

Incoming information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cell body

A

Integrating center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Axon

A

Outgoing information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of Neurons (Location)

A

Central
Cell body in central nervous system
Peripheral
Cell body in peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of Neurons (Function)

A

Sensory/Afferent
Carry information to central nervous system
Interneuron
Located entirely within central nervous system
Motor/Efferent
Carry information away from central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neuroglia

A

Neural support Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Astrocytes (CNS)

A

Assist in neuron growth
Help provide neurons with energy
Form blood-brain barrier
Maintain ECF homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ependymal cells (CNS)

A

Line fluid-filled compartments

20
Q

Microglia (CNS)

A

Immune cells

21
Q

Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

A

Produce myelin

22
Q

Satellite cells (PNS)

A

Similar to astrocytes

23
Q

Schwann cells (PNS)

A

Produce myelin

24
Q

Myelin

A

Phospholipid membrane wrapped around axons
Provides insulation
Increases action potential transmission speed

25
Q

White matter

A

Covered by myelin
Axons

26
Q

Gray matter

A

Not covered by myelin
Cell bodies, dendrites & some axons

27
Q

Discuss differences in axon regeneration in the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS).

A

in the CNS , axon regeneration does not occur because of chemicals secreted by glia , damage may be permanent.
in the PNS ,
the axon area below the injury degrades while the area above regenerates

28
Q

Explain the difference between electrical and chemical synapses.

A

electrical synapses occur when the neurons or cells are connected by gap junctions , allowing
the electrical signal to flow from one cell to the other
↳Usually found in CNS and glial cells

Chemical synapses are when cells are separated by a cleft, preventing an electrical signal from
crossing .a neurotransmitter (chemical signal) must cross the cleft to cause change

29
Q

Describe the steps in chemical synaptic transmission.

A

an action potential spreads down axon and triggers Ca++
entry , which triggers exocytosis of
neurotransmitter . Neurotransmitter crosses synaptic cleft and binds to receptor. This can change ion
concentration. Or active 2 messenger.

30
Q

Compare small-molecule neurotransmitters to neuropeptides. Give actions of the following small molecule neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, glycine, nitric oxide, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

A

small molecule neurotransmitters are generally rapidly acting and are simple to make , created in the presynaptic terminals .
They usually function as ligands to open or close ion channels

Neuropeptide (slowly acting)
Generally synthesized in cell body
Generally alter metabolism in cells
Growth factors
Hormones

31
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)

A

Involved in many motor signals
Usually excitatory

32
Q

Glutamate

A

Involved in many sensory pathways
Usually excitatory

33
Q

Norepinephrine (NE)

A

Brain stem/hypothalamus
Sympathetic system
Usually excitatory

34
Q

Nitric oxide (NO)

A

Changes intracellular metabolism

35
Q

Dopamine

A

Basal ganglia
Usually inhibitory

36
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A

Spinal cord, cortex, cerebellum
Usually inhibitory

37
Q

Glycine

A

Spinal cord synapses
Usually inhibitory

38
Q

Serotonin

A

Brain stem
Usually inhibitory

39
Q

Describe transport of materials up and down an axon.

A

axonal transport is the movement of things between the cell body and the axon.
Transport can be slow (
cytoplasmic flow) or
(relative]
fast, using the motor proteins dyenin and kinesin to transport .
Movement can be intergrade (Toward axon terminal
) or retrograde (Toward cell body).

40
Q

Slow transport

A

Cytoplasmic flow

41
Q

Fast transport

A

Motor proteins carrying vesicles along microtubules

42
Q

Anterograde movement

A

Toward axon terminal

43
Q

Retrograde movement

A

Toward cell body

44
Q

Ionotropic receptors

A

receptors open or close ion channels to alter concentration.
(small molecule neurotransmitters)

45
Q

Metabotropic

A

Change metabolism in cell
Generally GPCRs
Also enzyme-linked receptors

46
Q

Describe generation of inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSPs) and excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSPs) and explain how they can initiate or inhibit an action potential.

A

EPSPS and IPSPS are graded potentials that usually occur as input signals on dendrites or cell bodies . EPSPS depolarize ,
and when summed can lead to an AP. IPSPs lead to re/hyper - polarization and can inhibit an AP when summed .
These signals decay over time due to lack of Na++ channels.

47
Q

Describe summation in a neuron.

A

summation is when graded potentials (ipsp or epsp) combine to either initiate or inhibit an AP.
Summation can be temporal ; several graded potentials at same time or spatial ; several graded potentials over multiple neurons

Physiology Module 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions