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PHARM 110 Midterm 2 > Peripheral nervous system > Flashcards

Peripheral nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mnemonic of names of the cranial nerves

A

Oh, oh, oh to touch and feel a girl’s very soft hands

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2
Q

What is the mnemonic of the type of sensory, motor, or both

A

Some say money matters, but my brother says big brains matter more

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3
Q

What are the 3 levels of neural integration in sensory systems

A

Receptor level
Circuit level
Perceptual level

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4
Q

What is the gate control theory

A

non-painful inputs (aB) inhibit pain transmission fibers

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5
Q

How do we control descending pain

A

release endogenous opioids, endorphins

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6
Q

Which System does NOT have nerve regeneration

A

CNS

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7
Q

What are the steps of nerve regeneration in PNS

A
  1. Axon becomes injured
  2. Macrophages clean out dead axon
  3. Axon sprouts regenerated by schwann cells
  4. Axon regenerates & a new myelin sheath forms
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8
Q

What is the region of skin innervated by spinal cord

A

dermatome

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9
Q

What law follows the same innervation of muscles in the joints

A

Hilton’s law

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10
Q

What keeps the diaphragm alive? what type and what nerve?

A

C3, C4, C5, keeps the diaphragm alive
Phrenic nerve, cervical plexus

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11
Q

What is the mnemonic for brachial plexus

A

Rugby Teams Drink Cold Bears

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12
Q

In Lumbar plexus, which nerve innervates adductor muscles?
Which nerve innervates anterior thigh muscles & skin of anterior/medial thigh & medial leg

A
  • obturator nerve
  • fermoral nerve
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13
Q

In sacral plexus, which nerve is in the skin/muscles of perineum?

Which nerve innervates hamstrings, adductor magnus?

A
  • pudendal nerve
  • Sciatic nerve
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14
Q

What functions do rami’s have

A

Sensory + motor

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15
Q

What are the intrafusal fibers in muscle spindles? What do they lack?

What are extrafusal fibers?

A

Non-contractile central regions
- Lack myofilaments

Contractile outer regions

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16
Q

What type of endings are in instrafusal fibres wrapped around? afferent/efferent

What are the 2 things they are wrapped around?
What do they innervate? What are they stimulated by?

A

Afferent endings

Primary sensory endings
- innervate spindle centre
- stimulated by rate & degree of stretch

Secondary sensory endings
- innvervate spindle ends
- stimulated by degree of stretch

17
Q

What are contractile end regions of muscle spindles innervated by
- internal stretch

A

Gamma efferent fibers

18
Q

What are extrafusal fibers innervated by?
- external stretch

A

Alpha efferent fibers

19
Q

What types of fibers does stretch cause an increase of?

A

Rate of primary sensory fibers

20
Q

Which motor neurons would affect muscle sensitivity?

A

Gamma motor neurons

21
Q

Which motor neurons maintains tension & sensitivity during muscle contraction

A

alpha-gamma coactivation

22
Q

Differentiate between inborn and learned reflexes

A

Inborn
- rapid, involuntary

Learned
- result from practice or repetition

23
Q

What does tonically active mean

A

generate AP w/o additional stimuli

24
Q

What are the characteristics of stretch reflexes

A

Monosynaptic
ipsilateral

25
Q

Define reciprocal inhibition in stretch reflexes

A

Ex. patellar ligament is hit

  1. Afferent impulses travel to spinal and synapses with ALPHA motor and interneurons
  2. Alpha motor neurons activates quadriceps femoris to extend knee
  3. Interneurons make inhibitory synapses that prevent contraction of antagonist (hamstring)
26
Q

What occurs in golgi tendon reflexes

What are the characteristics

A

reciprocal activation
- produce muscle relaxation and antagonist contracts

Polysynaptic

27
Q

What are the characteristics of flexor reflexes

A

Polysynaptic
Ipsilateral

28
Q

What do superficial reflexes depend on?
What type of reflex? monosynaptic/polysynaptic

A

Polysynaptic reflexes

Depend on upper motor pathways & cord-level reflex arcs

29
Q

In stretch and golgi tendon reflexes, what do muscle spindles inform nervous system of?

A

Length of muscle

30
Q

In stretch and golgi tendon reflexes, what do golgi tendon organs inform brain of?

A

Amount of tension in muscle and tendons

31
Q

Which type of stimulus are deep?
which are superficial?

A

Superficial
- Meissner’s
- Merkel disc

Deep
-Pacinian corpuscle
- Ruffini endings

32
Q

Which type of stimulus are fast?
Which are slow?

A

Fast
- Meissner’s
- Pacinian

Slow
- Ruffini
- Merkel discs

PHARM 110 Midterm 2 (4 decks)

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