PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE 2 MAJOR COMPONENTS PEIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
controls the muscles, voluntary movement, including talking
somatic nervous system
COMPOSED OF sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.
autonomic nervous system
regulates the cardiovascular system and the endocrine system
aiding digestion and regulating body temperature
autonomic nervous system
r mobilizing the body duringtimesofstress or danger by rapidly activating the organs and glands under its control.
sympathetic nervous system
ONE OF TE MAIN FUNCTION i to balance the sympathetic system.
parasympathetic system
normalizing our arousal and facilitating the storage of energy by helping the digestive process.
parasympathetic system
produces its own chemical messenger - hormone
endocrine system
produces its own chemical messenger - hormone
endocrine system
produce epinephrine (also called adrenaline) in response to stress,
adrenal glands
produces thyroxine, which facilitates energy metabolism and growth;
thyroid gland
master gland that produces a variety of regulatory hormones;
pituitary
master gland that produces a variety of regulatory hormones;
gonadal glands
connects to the adjacent pituitary gland, which is the master or coordinator of the endocrine system
hypothalamus
may stimulate the cortical part of the adrenal glands on top of the kidneys
pituitary gland,
produces the stress hormone cortisol
cortical part of the adrenal glands
effectively increase the activity of a neurotransmitter by mimicking its effects
agonists
decrease,or block, a neurotransmitter
antagonists
inverse agonists
inverse agonists
After a neurotransmitter is released, it is quickly drawn back from the synaptic cleft into the same neuron
reuptake
s an excitatory transmitter that “turns on” many different neurons, leading to action
Glutamate
inhibitory neurotransmitter. It is to inhibit (or regulate) the transmission of information and action potentials.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA
chemical brothers
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA
Glutamate
reduce anxiety.
GABA
minor tranquilizers, makes it easier for GABA molecules to attach themselves to the receptor
benzodiazepines
Seems to reduce overall arousal somewhat and to temper our emotional responses
GABA
have an anticonvulsant effect
minor tranquilizers
5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)
Serotonin
5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)
Serotonin
is believed to influence a great deal of our behavior, particularly the way we process information.
regulates our behavior, moods, and thought processes.
SEROTONIN
less inhibition and with instability, impulsivity, and the tendency to overreact to situations.
Extremely low activity levels of serotonin
aggression, suicide, impulsive overeating,andexcessive sexual behavior
Low serotonin activity
what drugs affect the serotonin system
tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine
selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),
affects serotonin more directly than other drugs
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter system in the monoamine class
a catecholamine), is part of the endocrine system
norepinephrine, like epinephrine
stimulate at least two groups (and probably several more) of receptors called alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic receptors
norepinephrine
norepinephrine circuits
hindbrain, an area that controls basic bodily functions such as respiration.
Another circuit appears to influence the emergency reactions or alarm responses
Dopamine
catecholamine because of the similarity of its chemical structure to epinephrine and norepinephrine.
implicated cause of schizo, and addiction, depression, adhd
block specific dopamine receptors
drug such as reserpine to lower dopamine activiity
dopamine activity is…
exploratory, outgoing, pleasure-seeking behaviors
serotonin activities
inhibition and constraint;
what is the system dopamine switches on
locomotor system
parkinsons disease
deficiencies in dopamine
deterioration in motor behavior includes tremors, rigidity of muscles, and difficulty with judgment. L-dopa has been successful in reducing some of these motor disabilities.
Parkinson’s disease
