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Physiology > Peripheral Nerves and ANS > Flashcards

Peripheral Nerves and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

from skin, muscle, and joints

A

somatic afferents

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2
Q

from organs; can travel through the spinal cords or vagus from medulla

A

visceral afferents

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3
Q

Types of afferent receptors (3)

A
  1. ) nociceptors
  2. ) mechanoreceptors
  3. ) proprioceptors
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4
Q

detect pressure or stretch

A

mechanoreceptors

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5
Q

respond to chemicals

A

nociceptors

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6
Q

detect changes in muscle or tendon length/tension ; help to sense positioning

A

proprioreceptors

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7
Q

motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor unit

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8
Q

antagonist/block neuronal Na+ channels

A

tetrodotoxin

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9
Q

antagonist/blocks Ca2+ channel

A

Conotoxin

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10
Q

antagonist for ACH release

A

botulinum toxin

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11
Q

antagonist for acetylcholinesterase

A

physostigmine

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12
Q

agonist for AChR channel (2)

A

1.) Ach 2.) nicotine

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13
Q

antagonist for AChR channel

A

tubocurarine, curare

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14
Q

Three things that occur during inspiration

A
  1. ) HR increases
  2. ) Decrease in parasympathetic output from ANS
  3. ) Increases in cardiac pacemaker
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15
Q

3 things during expiration

A
  1. ) HR decreases
  2. ) increase in parasympathetic output from ANS
  3. ) slows cardiac pacemaker
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16
Q

True/False: alpha 1 adrenergic receptors has more affinity to NE

A

TRUE

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17
Q

True/False: Alpha 2 has more affinity for epi

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Beta 1 has more affinity for ___.

A

Epi

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19
Q

increases heart rate and cardiac contractility

A

beta 1

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20
Q

which receptor has a much greater response to epi?

A

beta 2

21
Q

Bronchodilation, some vasodilation from this receptor

A

Beta 2

22
Q

All preganglionic neurons release which NT

A

Ach

23
Q

postganglionic sympathetic neurons release

A

NE

24
Q

Overactivation of muscarinic receptors (mnemonic)

A

DUMBELSS (more parasympathetic activation)

Diarrhea, urination, miosis (pupil constriction), bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation, sweating

25
Q

more sympathetic tone/ innervation

A

blood vessels

26
Q

more parasympathetic tone/innervation

A

gut

27
Q

sympathetic innervation

A

sweat glands

28
Q

hexamethonium blocks N2 receptors what does this do to blood pressure?

A

drops blood pressure; vessels are under sympathetic innervation

29
Q

Examples of autonomic reflex in gut

A

vago vagal reflex in response to gastric distension

30
Q

Describe how baroreceptor reflex works

A
  1. ) when bp is high, reflex reduces HR and BP

2. ) when bp is low, reflex raises HR and BP

31
Q

parasympathetic reflex of the ANS to lower heart rate during heart damage

A

coronary chemoreflex

32
Q

stimulation of cardiac vagal afferents by inflammatory substances lead to ____

A

stimulation of AP’s and drop in HR and drop in BP

33
Q

What are some way to therapeutically manipulate the ANS?

A
  1. ) receptor agonists/antagonists
  2. ) block of breakdown of NT
  3. ) packaging of NT
34
Q

agonists for Epi/NE system receptors

A
  1. ) epinephrine
  2. ) norepinephrine
  3. ) phenylephrine
  4. ) albuterol
35
Q

beta 2 receptor agonist

A

albuterol

36
Q

alpha 1 receptor agonist

A

phenylephrine

37
Q

antagonist of beta receptor

A

propranolol

38
Q

agonist of Ach receptor system

A

pilocarpine

39
Q

Ach muscarinic receptor agonist

A

pilocarpine

40
Q

antagonist of Ach muscarinic

A

atropine and glycopyrrolate

41
Q

What breaks down dopamine and NE in the nerve terminal?

A

monoamine oxidase

catecholomethyl transferase

42
Q

What would treatment with reserpine do to BP ?

A

lowers BP

43
Q

part of brain involved in memory

A

hippocampus

44
Q

part of brain involved in emotion or fear response

A

amygdala

45
Q

sweat glands innervated by

A

cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic

46
Q

adrenal medulla receives synaptic input from ___

A

preganglionic sympathetic

47
Q

which receptor is found between synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system?

A

nicotinic

48
Q

nasal, lacrimal, and salivary glands are stimulated by what?

A

Ach

Physiology (5 decks)

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